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Welcome to PSC 1210

Welcome to PSC 1210. Earth and Space Science for K-8 Teachers. Goals of PSC 1210. Understand important concepts in Earth and Space Science Develop science process skills Appreciate and apply the scientific method Learn using techniques you will apply as a teacher. Some Science Terminology.

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Welcome to PSC 1210

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  1. Welcome to PSC 1210 Earth and Space Science for K-8 Teachers

  2. Goals of PSC 1210 • Understand important concepts in Earth and Space Science • Develop science process skills • Appreciate and apply the scientific method • Learn using techniques you will apply as a teacher

  3. Some Science Terminology • scientific fact – specific, verifiable information *Sulfur is a yellow mineral. *Granite is an igneous rock. • hypothesis – possible action and/or explanation for a behavior or an observation; must be tested through experimentation *Magnetism is based on electron associations

  4. Some Science Terminology • law - generalized statement of a relationship between variables in a system based on repeated experimentation; can be used to predict behavior of a system *As the temperature of a gas increases, its volume increases. • theory - generalized explanation for observations based on repeated experimentation or observations *Gas behavior such as expansion with heat or increased pressure with decreasing volume is a result of particles that are far apart and moving rapidly.

  5. Some Science Terminology • scientific belief something that is accepted as true based on scientific evidence but cannot be proven at that time  *All protons are identical. *The sun will rise tomorrow.

  6. Scientific Method • Make an observation that raises a question State a question • Determine a possible reason for the observation Pose a hypothesis • Design and carry out an investigation to prove or disprove the hypothesis Do an experiment

  7. Scientific Method • Compile information from the experiment and decide if the hypothesis was correct Analyze/Make a conclusion • If the conclusion or experimental process raises other questions, start the process again.

  8. Scientific Method • Understand variables: • Independent variable = one changed by the experimenter • Dependent variable = one that changes as a result of a change in the independent variable • Controlled variable = any property that is not being investigated and must remain the same during the experiment

  9. Scientific Method • Make an observation that raises a question. Do birds prefer red or blue bird feeders? • Determine a possible reason for the observation. Pose a hypothesis. Birds prefer red feeders. • Design and carry out an investigation to prove or disprove the hypothesis Determine the variables: Independent = color of the feeder Dependent = # of birds at the feeder

  10. Scientific Method Determine the variables: Controlled = type of feeder, type of food, time of day recorded, height of feeder, location of feeder… Set up 3 blue and three red identical bird feeders. At a set time each day for 10 days, record how many birds are at each feeder. Record data in a suitable table.

  11. Scientific Method • Compile information from the experiment. Analyze the data. Make a bar graph of the number of birds at each color feeder for each day. • Decide if the hypothesis was correct. Make a conclusion The birds prefer a red feeder over a blue feeder.

  12. Science Process Skills - Basic • Observing • Measuring • Classifying • Communicating • Inferring • Predicting

  13. Science Process Skills- Integrated • Controlling Variables • Defining Operationally • Formulating Hypotheses • Interpreting Data • Experimenting • Formulating Models

  14. What is a Misconception? • Incorrect understanding of term or process • Not merely a misfact • Can be taught to you or you can come to it based on your personal experience • Highly resistant to change

  15. Some Misconceptions in Earth/Space Science • The seasons are caused by the Earth’s distance from the Sun. • Continents do not move. • Most rivers flow “down” from north to south.

  16. Some Misconceptions in Earth/Space Science • The soil we see today has always existed. • Dinosaurs and humans existed at the same time. • The phases of the Moon are caused by a shadow from the Earth.

  17. Lesson Design – The 5 E’s • Engagement • Exploration • Explanation • Extension • Evaluation

  18. Learning and Assessment Tools for PSC 1210 • Guided Inquiry Activities • Quizzes and Performance Tasks • Journal • Internet Explorations • Projects

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