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Topics for Today

Topics for Today. Pollution, Pollution! (Gaseous Pollutants). Readings for Today. Section 1.10 Burning Hydrocarbons! Section 1.11 The parts about SO 2 and NO x Section 1.12 Tropospheric Ozone, O 3 Section 2.1 Ozone: Where is it?. Topics for Friday. EXAM 1!. Topics for Monday.

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Topics for Today

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  1. Topics for Today Pollution, Pollution! (Gaseous Pollutants)

  2. Readings for Today Section 1.10 Burning Hydrocarbons! Section 1.11 The parts about SO2 and NOx Section 1.12 Tropospheric Ozone, O3 Section 2.1 Ozone: Where is it?

  3. Topics for Friday EXAM 1!

  4. Topics for Monday • Finish up any gaseous air pollutants we don’t get to today • Particulate Matter!

  5. Assignment #2 is posted!! Due date = Friday, Feb 23 by the beginning of lecture I will demonstrate in class on Monday

  6. Readings for Monday • Same as today! • PLUS, Sections 6.7 through 6.9 • SOx and NOx and acid rain.

  7. Readings for Monday • Same as today! • PLUS, Sections 6.7 through 6.9 • SOx and NOx and acid rain. What is PM? See page 11 How is it formed? 1.11, for example..

  8. Topics for Today Pollution, Pollution! (Gaseous Pollutants)

  9. From Monday • All combustion reactions produce CO2! • Respiration produces CO2! How else is CO2 produced?

  10. From Monday 3. (Acid) Rain

  11. From Monday • Acid Rain • Nitric Acid, HNO3 H+ NO3-

  12. From Monday • Acid Rain • Nitric Acid, HNO3 H+ NO3- Limestone or marble is partly made of calcium carbonate. CaCO3 Ca2+ CO3 2-

  13. Reminder!!! • Review your (pink) ions worksheet!!

  14. Acid Rain Where is the CO2?? HNO3 + CaCO3  Ca(NO3)2 + H2CO3 H2CO3  H2O + CO2

  15. Acid Rain HNO3 + CaCO3  Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2

  16. Acid Rain HNO3 + CaCO3  Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2 By the way… chemical or nuclear reaction?

  17. 3 ways that CO2 gets into the atmosphere • Burning things (Combustion) • Respiration • Acid-Salt Reactions

  18. 3 ways that CO2 gets into the atmosphere • Burning things • Respiration • Acid-Salt Reactions Is CO2 considered a pollutant?

  19. Criteria Pollutants • Defined by the EPA • CO • SO2 • NOx • PM2.5 and PM10 • O3 (ozone) • lead

  20. Criteria Pollutants • Defined by the EPA • CO • SO2 • NOx • PM2.5 and PM10 • O3 • lead Lead is not very interesting anymore…

  21. Criteria Pollutants • Defined by the EPA • CO • SO2 • NOx • PM2.5 and PM10 • O3

  22. O=C=O C O Carbon Monoxide Carbon Dioxide

  23. Carbon Monoxide, CO C O A colorless, odorless, tasteless gas

  24. Carbon Monoxide, CO C O Where does CO come from? A colorless, odorless, tasteless gas

  25. These are nationwide averages

  26. Why is this somewhat misleading? These are nationwide averages

  27. What are the health effects of CO?

  28. What are the health effects of CO? CO takes the place of O2 in your blood versus

  29. What are the health effects of CO? CO takes the place of O2 in your blood This reduces the amount of oxygen available to your brain, heart, and other bodily tissue. versus

  30. Recommended Levels • 8-hour exposure = 9 ppm • 1-hour exposure = 35 ppm

  31. Recommended Levels What percent is 35 ppm? • 8-hour exposure = 9 ppm • 1-hour exposure = 35 ppm

  32. Recommended Levels What percent is 35 ppm? • 8-hour exposure = 9 ppm • 1-hour exposure = 35 ppm 35 ppm = 0.0035%

  33. Typical CO levels Urban Background About 5-10 ppm Global Background About 0.2 ppm Heavy Traffic Up to 100 ppm

  34. Catalytic Converter CO2 CO2 CO CO2 CO CO

  35. Catalytic Converter Where does the CO come from then? CO2 CO2 CO CO2 CO CO

  36. “Pounders” One of these emitters can account for about 500-1,000 cars in “normal” condition

  37. How much CO is in cigarette smoke? About 2500 ppm! • 1,600 ppm: Headache, dizziness, and nausea within 20 minutes. Death in less than two hours. • 3,200 ppm: Headache, dizziness and nausea in five to ten minutes. Death within 30 minutes.

  38. How is CO produced in nature?

  39. How is CO produced in nature? Decomposition of Chlorophyll

  40. How is CO produced in nature? Incomplete combustion

  41. How is CO produced by people?

  42. How is CO produced by people? Incomplete combustion

  43. Incomplete combustion: Occurs when there isn’t enough O2 around to completely convert the C in the fuel to CO2

  44. Review This is the COMPLETE combustion of carbon! + CO2 O2 C +

  45. Incomplete Combustion of Carbon + O2 CO C +

  46. Incomplete Combustion of Carbon + ½ ½O2 CO C +

  47. Incomplete Combustion of Carbon 2 + 2 O2 2C + 2CO

  48. Complete Combustion C + O2  CO2 C + ½ O2  CO Incomplete Combustion More CO in oxygen depleted environments!

  49. Was there any CO formed when we burned the splint in pure O2?

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