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HUMAN IMPACT on the BIOSPHERE Chapter 6-1 (plus page 160) A Changing Landscape

This chapter explores the ways in which human activities contribute to changes in the landscape and the overall health of ecosystems. It discusses the impact of human participation in nutrient and water cycles, the provision of goods and services by ecosystems, the regulation of wildlife and waste management, and the effects on air, water, and soil quality. The chapter also addresses the issue of overhunting and the threat it poses to biodiversity, using examples such as the extinction of species and the decline of whale and buffalo populations. It concludes by discussing conservation efforts and their importance in mitigating these problems.

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HUMAN IMPACT on the BIOSPHERE Chapter 6-1 (plus page 160) A Changing Landscape

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  1. HUMAN IMPACT on the BIOSPHEREChapter 6-1(plus page 160) A Changing Landscape

  2. Watch the Chapter 6 video

  3. http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/images/nitrogencycle.jpghttp://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/images/nitrogencycle.jpg Humans participate in ____________ & ______________ cycles Ecosystems provide us with a variety of _____________________ http://www.brevardcounty.us/mrrp/images/misc/boat_cartoon.jpg http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/images/nitrogencycle.jpg

  4. For image sources: see last slide “GOODS & SERVICES”provided by ecosystems __________________ ___________ production Nutrient ____________________

  5. For image sources: see last slide “GOODS & SERVICES”provided by ecosystems ____________regulation __________ production ___________for wildlife

  6. Images from: “GOODS & SERVICES”provided by ecosystems ____________________of human and industrial waste ___________________ and ______________________

  7. “GOODS & SERVICES”provided by ecosystems Source of new ____________________ Air & water __________________ Soil _____________ and ___________ management

  8. HUMAN POPULATION http://www.learner.org/jnorth/spring2002/species/spring/Update041902.html#Humankind

  9. Image from: http://www.sleepbamboo.com/planet_people.jpg WORLD POPLUATION World clock • Current world population almost 7 BILLION • Estimates predict it will reach 9 billion by 2050 http://www.peopleandplanet.net/

  10. HUMAN ACTIVITIES can change local and global environments! ____________________ ____________________ _____________________ ___________________________ Images from: http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/s2s/latest/art1/src/proj/Art/cave_art/Hunters-Deer.jpg http://www.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/127525/2/istockphoto_127525_farming.jpg http://www.kidcrosswords.com/kidoutdoors/the%20environment/pollution_smokestacks.jpg http://www.lubee.org/images/about-threats-1.jpg

  11. HUNTING AND GATHERING Throughout human history, people have ____________ and ___________ in rivers, and _____________ wild seeds, fruits, and nuts. We are still doing this today in many places. http://www.amonsoquath.net/gallery/pages/chee.html http://www.travelwriter.co.za/let-the-train-strain_p2.html

  12. WHEN IT BECOMES A PROBLEM? _________________ ________________ http://msnbc.msn.com/id/8302763 http://www.aeffonline.org/images/poachersandelephant.jpg

  13. Miss Waldron’s Red Colobus monkey Extinct 2000 OVERHUNTING can put animal populations at risk of ____________ Alagoas Curassow: extinct in wild 1980’s Dodo: extinct 1681 Moa: extinct 1500’s http://www.petermaas.nl/extinct/speciesinfo/misswaldronredcolobus.htm http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=100&m=0 http://lawyerkm.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/dodo_11.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moa

  14. http://www.southeastutah.org/photos/dino.jpg VOCAB Species that has died out = ______________ Species whose population size is rapidly declining and will become extinct if the trend continues = _____________ Species that is at risk of becoming endangered in the near future = ____________ http://www.blackfootedferret.org/ http://www.fresnochaffeezoo.com/images/bald-eagle.gif

  15. Image from: http://members.graphicsfactory.com/clip-art/image_files/tn_image/2/1313572-tn_TombStone001_92007.jpg According to the World Conservation Union (IUCN), 784 extinctions have been recorded since the Some scientists estimate at the rate we are going 24 percent of plants and animals will be committed to extinction by 2050 We're talking about 1.25 million species! http://www.igreens.org.uk/extinctions_predicted_from_globa.htm

  16. BIODIVERSITY THREAT http://www.lubee.org/images/about-threats-1.jpg Tropical rainforests are disappearing at a rate of about 80 acres per minute.

  17. EXAMPLE: WHALES During the 19th and the earlier part of 20th centuries, over-hunting led to a severe _________of whale populations, and to _______________ of many whale species. Minke whale = most hunted species http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/guides/456900/456973/html/nn1page1.stm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whaling#Conservation_status

  18. Today many major whales species are endangered

  19. EXAMPLE: North American Buffalo ______________ in America once numbered 30 - 60 million, ranging from Virginia to Alaska and all points in between. By 1884, the buffalo was close to extinction due to ______________. Pile of bison skulls, 1870’s http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Bison

  20. HOW DO WE HELP? International Whaling Commission has placed a moratorium on whaling. Only works if nations voluntarily comply http://www.cdnn.info/eco/whaling_250146.jpg

  21. HOW DO WE HELP? Conservation efforts, private ownership, and reintroduction of buffalo have allowed the population to recover slightly. Today, the total buffalo population in North America is estimated at 90,000 and about 85 percent of these animals are privately owned. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Bison

  22. WHAT PROBLEMS CAN THIS CAUSE? Many endangered animals today are threatened by ____________________ http://www.aeffonline.org/images/poachersandelephant.jpg http://cnnstudentnews.cnn.com/EARTH/9710/02/kenya.ivory.ap/

  23. OVERHUNTING/POACHING • All five rhino species are ____________ • Just a few decades ago, the world’s rhino population exceeded 100,000, but today there are less than 11,000 due to _____________ and _________________. • _______________ are in demand in many countries where they can bring over $60,000/lb. It is ground into medicine in China and carved into ceremonial dagger handles in Yemen. http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Publications/ZooGoer/2003/6/Sidebar_Forensics.cfm

  24. WHAT CAN WE DO TO HELP? The_________________________________________________________ (CITES) bans international ________ in products from endangered species. http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~sjberg/CITES.htm

  25. WHAT CAN WE DO TO HELP? Support “Green” organizations that work for laws to establish quotas and protect species. http://www.nwf.org/ http://www.maksimum.com/haberler/h/greenpeacee_cevre_cezasi.php http://www.sierraclub.org/ http://www.brookingshumane.org/ http://www.sierraclub.org/ http://www.ducks.org/states/62/index.html

  26. HUMAN ACTIVITIES can also change local and global environments! ______________________________ ____________________ _________________ ___________________________ HUNTING and GATHERING AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY URBAN DEVELOPMENT Images from: http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/s2s/latest/art1/src/proj/Art/cave_art/Hunters-Deer.jpg http://www.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/127525/2/istockphoto_127525_farming.jpg http://www.kidcrosswords.com/kidoutdoors/the%20environment/pollution_smokestacks.jpg http://www.lubee.org/images/about-threats-1.jpg

  27. By end of last ice age (about 11,000 years ago) humans began the practice of farming = __________________ Soon people around the world were growing crops and raising animals for food agriculture http://www.bu.edu/mzank/Jerusalem/im/agriculture.jpg

  28. Changing Agriculture The spread of agriculture was one of most __________ developments in human history. It provided__________ in large quantities that could be stored for later. Allowed people to _________ in one place and enabled the _______________of cities, governments, laws, and writing. http://www.travelwriter.co.za/let-the-train-strain_p2.html http://www.museevirtuel.ca/Exhibitions/Inuit_Haida/inuit/snowmobile.jpg

  29. Changing Agriculture By middle of 20th century, despite agricultural advances there were ________________in many parts of the world. Governments and scientists began a major effort to ____________ food production http://www.enjoy.org/hstech/HungerSite02/america/FordSchwartz/

  30. __________ REVOLUTION • New more productive plant ________ 2. Modern farming____________ allowed planting larger areas 3. Chemical ___________ & ___________ boosted crop production and controlled pests http://interactive.usask.ca/ski/media/stills/agriculture/crops/t_plant-breeder.jpg http://www.wfbf.com/media_center/photo_gallery/Soybean%20combine.jpg

  31. MONOCULTURE Large fields are planted with a single variety year after year = ________________ http://imagesource.allposters.com/images/NGSPOD04/107870.jpg

  32. Changing Agriculture Over the last 50 years, the green revolution has helped world food production _________. Even though hunger is still a major problem in parts of the world, agriculture and the green revolution have provided many people with better nutrition. http://www.enjoy.org/hstech/HungerSite02/america/FordSchwartz/

  33. Challenges for Future Modern agriculture has increased world _________________, but has also created ________________ challenges. Large scale monoculture leads to problems with ____________ and _______________. Use of farm chemicals (fertilizers & pesticides) can damage ____________ insects, ________________ water supplies, and ______________ in the environment

  34. Challenges for Future Finding enough __________ for irrigation is another problem. Less than ¼ of US farmland relies heavily on ___________, but this area produces a __________ portion of our harvest. http://www.suu.edu/faculty/bowman/Econ1740/HeilbronerZinn/ogallala_aquifer_map_pic_2.gif

  35. http://www.suu.edu/faculty/bowman/Econ1740/HeilbronerZinn/ogallala_aquifer_map_pic_2.gifhttp://www.suu.edu/faculty/bowman/Econ1740/HeilbronerZinn/ogallala_aquifer_map_pic_2.gif Challenges for Future Many Midwest states rely on the ___________aquifer for their water needs. However, we are using water faster than the water cycle can _____________ it. Evidence indicates this aquifer may __________ within 20-40 years.

  36. http://www.cibike.org/Eating.htm HEY, WE GOTTA EAT and HAVE A PLACE TO LIVE, DON’T WE? The planet provides us with the resources we need to stay alive, but . . . how do we balance our needs (wants?) with keeping the planet healthy so it will be around for future generations?

  37. HOW DO WE HELP? Applying modern_______________ to farming is changing some of this environmental impact. EX: __________ imaging and _____ technology enable farmers to apply chemicals only where______________

  38. HOW DO WE FIX IT? EX: ________ and other “green” farming methods can reduce ____________ and protect ___________________ http://cbarc.aes.oregonstate.edu/images/no-till.jpg

  39. Sustainable Agriculture Ways to preserve the environment Section 6-4 Cover Crops Legumes, grasses, and other cover crops recycle soil nutrients, reduce fertilizer need, and prevent weed growth. Controlled Grazing By managing graze periods and herd densities, farmers can improve nutrient cycling, increase the effectiveness of precipitation, and increase the carrying capacity of pastures. Biological Pest Control The use of predators and parasites to control destructive insects minimizes pesticide use as well as crop damage A B C Yr. 1 Crop Rotation Different crops use and replenish different nutrients. By rotating crops, the loss of important plant nutrients is decreased. Contour Plowing Contour plowing reduces soil erosion from land runoff. On hilly areas, plowing is done across the hill rather than straight up and down. corn oats alfalfa Yr. 2 alfalfa (plowed in) corn alfalfa Yr. 3 oats alfalfa corn

  40. INDUSTRIAL GROWTH and URBAN DEVELOPMENT The impact of humans on the biosphere was transformed by the _____________________ during the 1800’s. http://www.archives.gov/research/american-cities/images/american-cities-015.jpg

  41. Industrial productivity and scientific advancements have provided us with the ______________________ we enjoy today http://www.vallartasource.com/images/cell_phone.jpg http://www.danielwiener.com/daniel/tips/archives/humvee_2.jpg http://www.scriptfx.com/gallery/computer/laptop.jpg http://www.wii-volution.com/images/wii/gamecube.jpg http://www.nbz.ru/pic/catalog/ipod/ipod_color.gif

  42. BUT . . . The spread of urban areas has resulted in the _____________ habitats. Air, water, & soil _____________ has had an impact on surrounding ecosystems. http://www.kidcrosswords.com/kidoutdoors/the%20environment/pollution_smokestacks.jpg

  43. Energy production requires ______________________ which impacts _______________ and _______________. MORE ON THISIN 6-4! http://tuberose.com/Environmental_Toxicity.html

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