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AP World History Susan Graham and Deborah Smith Johnston Lexington High School djohnston@sch.lexington.ci.ma.us sgraham@sch.lexington.ci.ma.us. 1750 – 1914 Overview (Periodization Question: Why 1750 –1914?).
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AP World History Susan Graham and Deborah Smith JohnstonLexington High Schooldjohnston@sch.lexington.ci.ma.ussgraham@sch.lexington.ci.ma.us 1750 – 1914 Overview (Periodization Question: Why 1750 –1914?)
Changes in Global Commerce, Communication and Technology • Patterns of World Trade • Who, where, what, how in 1750? • What will and won’t change by 1914?
Changes in Global Commerce, Communication and Technology • Modes of Transportation/ communication • Impact of railroad, steam, telegraph • Suez Canal, Panama Canal
Suez Canal Suez canal opened in 1869
Changes in Global Commerce, Communication and Technology • Industrial Revolution • Origins of I.R. – where, what and when • Rationale of capitalism – Adam Smith • Impact of I.R. on time, family, work, labor • Relationship of nations during I.R. • Intellectual responses to I.R. – Marxism, socialism
Power loom Fatcat Milltown Miner Streetchildren
Demographic and Environmental Changes • Migration – Immigration • Why? • Where?
Demographic and Environmental Changes • End of Atlantic Slave Trade • New Birthrate Patterns • Disease prevention and eradication • Food Supply
Changes in Social and Gender Structure • Industrial Revolution • Commercial developments • Tension between work patterns and ideas about gender • Emancipation of Serfs and Slaves
Changes in Social and Gender Structure • Women’s emancipation movements
Political Revolutions and Independence Movements • Latin American Independence Movements • Why? Simon Bolivar
Political Revolutions and Independence Movements • Revolutions • Why Revolution now? • Where? • United States (1776) • France (1789) • Haiti (1803) • Mexico (1910) • China (1911)
Political Revolutions and Independence Movements Haitian Revolution Toussaint L’Ouverture
Political Revolutions and Independence Movements Mexican Revolution
Political Revolutions and Independence Movements Dr. Sun Yat Sen Chinese Revolution Manchus
New Political Ideas • Rise of Nationalism • Growth of Nation-states/ empires
New Political Ideas • Movements of Political Reform • Jacobins in France • Taiping Rebellion in China
New Political Ideas • Rise of Democracy and its limitations • Reform • Women • Racism • Social Darwinism • Herbert Spencer
Rise of Western Dominance • Patterns of Expansion • Imperialism and Colonialism • African continent, much of Asia, and Oceania • Ethiopia and Siam • Hawaii and New Zealand
Rise of Western Dominance Scramble for Africa
Rise of Western Dominance • Economic, Political, Social, Cultural, & Artistic
Rise of Western Dominance • Cultural and Political Reactions to western dominance (reform, resistance, rebellion, racism, nationalism) • Japan– Commodore Perry and Meiji Restoration • Russia– Reforms and Rebellions • Siam and Ethiopia-- defensive modernization • China--Boxer Rebellion • Islamic and Chinese responses compared • Impact of Changing European Ideologies on Colonial Administrations
Rise of Western Dominance • Japan– Commodore Perry and Meiji Restoration
Rise of Western Dominance • China—Boxer Rebellion
Diverse Interpretations • Modernization theory debates • Cause of serf and slave emancipation? • Nature of women’s roles at the time in industrial areas? In colonial societies? Elite versus lower class?
Comparisons • Industrial revolution in western Europe and Japan (causes and early phases) • Revolutions (American, French, Haitian, Mexican, and Chinese) • Reaction to foreign domination in Ottomans empire, China, India and Japan.
Ottomans- 19th century Young Turk Revolutionaries The Last Sultans
Comparisons • Nationalism • Forms of intervention in 19th century Latin America and Africa • Roles and conditions of upper/ middle versus working/ peasant class women in western Europe
European women 19th century Queen Victoria’s family British family in India Russian peasant family
Conclusions • What are the global processes that are at play? Which have intensified? Diminished? • Predict how the events of the 19th century are a natural culmination of earlier developments. • Speculate what historical events in the 19th century would have most surprised historians of earlier eras.