World War I

1. World War I 1914-1918 By Sam Irving

2. The Causes of WWI • BIG Idea: Since the Congress of Vienna, Europe had enjoyed 100 years of relative peace. A confluence of 4 causes would end that peace in 1914.

3. What were the four underlying causes of WWI?

4. Imperialism • Industrial Europe competed for raw materials and new markets.

5. Which countries had the largest empires?

6. Nationalism • France wanted Alsace-Lorraine back from Germany. • (Taken by Bismarck’s Franco-Prussian War 1870)

7. Pan-Slavism in Austria • Slavs, an eastern European ethnic group, resented rule by ethnically-German Austria. • Supported by Serbia and Russia

8. Slavic Europe

9. Militarism • :glorification & build-up of the military. • Drafts • Arm’s Race

10. Shells for the French 75 gun

11. German Aeroplane Squadron

12. Alliances • :defense agreements among nations.

14. Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria, & Italy.

15. Triple Entente: France, Great Britain, & Russia.

16. Britain vowed to uphold Belgian neutrality. • Russia supported Slavic nationalists in the Balkans. (Pan-Slavism)

17. A Tangle of Alliances • What’s the problem? • Minor conflict could involve all major European powers.

18. Assignment • Essential Learning Target: Analyzing and explaining cause and effect relationships using historical information. • “Four Corners” • Depict each of the four causes of World War One in one of the following ways: • Graphically (Symbolic picture, political cartoon, etc.) • Verbally (Poem, rap, symbolic story, etc.) • BE CREATIVE!!!

19. Ex. Causes of Imperialism

20. The Steps Leading to War • BIG Idea: In 1914, the tangle of alliances led to war. • 6 steps took only 1 month.

22. The Steps • 1. Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian Emperor, was assassinated June 28, 1914 in Sarajevo.

23. Where’s Sarajevo

24. Gavrilo Princip: The assassin • Member of the Black Hand, a Slavic nationalist group in Serbia.

25. 2. Austria blames Serbia • Declares war • Supported by Germany • Write Austria a “blank check.”

27. 3. Russia supports Serbia. • Mobilizes against Austria • 4. Germany declares war on Russia and France.

29. What’s Germany’s geographic problem for waging war?

30. The Schlieffen Plan • : German plan to avoid a 2-front war. • 5. Germany invades Belgium on the way to France. • 6. Britain declares war on Germany.

31. Which cause of WWI does this poster speak to?

32. Nationalism • Vast patriotism and enlistment on all sides.

33. A war rally in Munich, 1914

34. Assignment: “Steps Leading to WWI Flow Chart” • ELT: Explain cause and effect relationships using historical information that is organized chronologically. • Make a flow chart showing the 6 steps leading to WWI. • Include a visual component, showing chronological order in some way, and captions explaining the particular steps.

35. Ex. Steps leading to WWI

36. Industrial War • BIG Idea: As the industrial revolution turned to wartime production, new weapons made WWI a bloody, modern war.

37. Modern Warfare • Machine Guns Machine gun post on the Marne

38. “I suppose I resembled a kind of fish with my mouth open gasping for air. It seemed as if my lungs were gradually shutting up and my heart pounded away in my ears like the beat of a drum…To get air into my lungs was real agony.” -British soldier William Pressey What do you think he is talking about?

39. Poison Gas

40. Chicken Assassins

41. Planes first used in battle. German Pilot Richthofen: “The Red Baron”

42. Zeppelins: used for bombing.

44. Western Front • Battle of the Marne (1914): French victory showing that the war wouldn’t be quick and easy. • Schlieffen Plan failed

45. What’s this?

46. Trench Warfare • Stalemate: inconclusive, bloody battles. • Ex: Battles of Verdun and the Somme • 2 million dead with no clear victor

47. Trenchfoot

49. “No Man’s Land” Between the Trenches

50. Eastern Front • Less-industrialized Russia was ill-prepared for modern war. • Suffered huge casualties Russians retreating from the front.