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Physical Properties of Matter

Physical Properties of Matter. Physical Properties a property that can be determined without changing the composition of the substance Examples: colour, odor, density, melting point, boiling point. We have studied how to find the density of matter. As you know, the equation for density is:

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Physical Properties of Matter

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  1. Physical Properties of Matter

  2. Physical Properties • a property that can be determined without changing the composition of the substance • Examples: colour, odor, density, melting point, boiling point

  3. We have studied how to find the density of matter. • As you know, the equation for density is: • density = mass (grams) volume (mL or cm3) mass = density x volume volume = mass density

  4. The following is a list of other ways of telling one form of matter from another. • ductility: The property displayed by certain metals that enables them to be drawn out into wires without breaking • malleability: The property displayed by certain metals that enables them to be hammered, rolled out, shaped, etc. without breaking

  5. hardness: The property of an object that resists being crushed or deformed • brittleness: The property of an object that can easily be broken or crushed into smaller pieces under low pressure • conductivity: The property of metals, some metalloids, and ionic solutions that allow an electric current to pass through them • stateor phase: form – gas, liquid, solid – in which matter is found

  6. solubility: The property of a substance that allows it to dissolve • melting point: The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid • boiling point: The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas

  7. Compressibility – the property of a substance that allows it to be compressed Diffusion- The movement of one substance through another *** HIGH  LOW ***

  8. Chemical Properties of Matter • Chemical Properties: • A property of a substance that is observed when the substance undergoes a change in composition • active: reacts vigorously with other materials • inactive: does not react readily with other materials • inert: do not react under normal or ordinary conditions

  9. Changes in Matter • Now that we have learned the fine points about physical and chemical properties, we are going to look at two kinds of changes – physical changes and chemical changes.

  10. Physical Changes: • refers to a change in appearance not chemical composition of the substance • Examples: phase changes (s-> l -> g), crushing, grinding, dissolving (solubility)

  11. Is tearing a piece of paper a physical change? • YES • Why or why not? • the composition of the matter does not change. It is a change in appearance only.

  12. Is solid water (ice) changing into liquid water a physical change? • YES • Why or why not? • the composition of the matter does not change. It is a change in appearance only.

  13. Chemical Changes • refers to a change in the composition of the matter......a new substance is formed • Examples: rusting of iron , combustion of a candle, burning of gasoline to run a car

  14. Key signs that you can look for to determine whether or not a chemical change has occurred. 1. A gas is given off (BUBBLES) but not boiling 2. A precipitate (insoluble solid) is produced..... appears cloudy 3. Water is produced ..... Cobalt chloride paper turns from blue to pink 4. A color change could indicate a chemical change but also may indicate only a physical one 5. A temperature change may indicate a chemical change but can also indicate a physical one

  15. STATES OF MATTER. 3 States of Matter: 1) Solid 2) Liquid 3) Gas

  16. THE 4th STATE OF MATTER • WHAT????? • PLASMA • -defined as a gaseous mixture of positive ions and electrons • -Temperatures and densities range from relatively cool, less dense to hot and very dense

  17. Plasma Cont’d On Earth , this mixture can only be created at very high temperatures in a lab, then carefully contained for use in objects like plasma TV’s The universe is made up of 99% plasma

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