A short presentation by (Djursland International Institute of Rural Wireless Broadband) on

1. Page 1 A short presentation by (Djursland International Institute of Rural Wireless Broadband) on Broadband in rural areas through self-organizing COMBINING SELF-ORGANIZING AND WIRELESS INFRASTRUCTUREIS AN AFFORDABLE RURAL CONNECTIVITY METHOD ! By educational leader Bjarke Nielsen

2. Page 2 • To introduce myself: • My name is Bjarke Nielsen. I am the educational leader at DIIRWB and I founded the DjurslandS.net, maybe the World’s biggest non-commercial rural wireless network, giving Internet connection to rural schools, -institutions, -firms and close to6000 rural households - up to now. • DIIRWB is an institute for training builders of cheap rural wireless broadband, based on the experience of establishing and running the DjurslandS.net. • DIIRWB is a cooperation of the “Computer Support Community of Djursland” and “the Grenaa Technical School” and we support the grass root movement on free Wi-Fi “World Summits on Free Information Infrastructures” (WSFII). • I founded the Computer Support Community of Djursland in 1993 and has been its chairman ever since. • I am also chairman of GrenaaS.net, the area-network of Grenaa, the largest city on Djursland. • I chair all pilot-projects on using wireless network for rural broadband infrastructure in the EU-funded “Baltic Rural Broadband Project” (BRB) in the countries around the Baltic sea in Northern Europe, and are also project-responsible for the Danish part called “Networking Djursland”. • I am a member of the EU-funded think-tank or advisory-board on “Broadband Access, Innovation & Regional Development” (BIRD) for the North Sea Area.

3. Page 3 Our home

4. Page 4 Cities is an exception on earth. Most of the surface of the earth is rural districts, and among other things they have in commonthat it seems all too expensive to create a full surface covering broadband infrastructure that makes everyone living on earth part of the global ICT society. Thus the divide between life in cities and countryside is further expanded and bear catastrophic perspectives.

5. Page 5 Broadband coverage in Denmark • In Denmark ”Tele Danmark” (TDC), who owns the copper-line infrastructure, gives 95% of all households opportunity to get up to 2 megabit broadband access through 1600 ADSL centrals. • If TDC should give the remaining 5% the same possibility, TDC would have to make another 4600 ADSL centrals. • The need for almost 3 times extra centrals is due to these facts: • All the 5% live in the sparsely populated rural areas • The centrals is placed in the cities where 95% is concentrated • The rural areas covers the major part of the geographical Danmark • The ADSL centrals can at 2 megabit only reach out to 5 km on the lines • To believe that the economical forces of the market will expand the amount of ADSL centrals from 1600 to 6200, just to reach the last 5% of the households, would be sheer naivety.

6. Page 6 As all rural areas around the globe have similar background - or worse - I will analyze this and tell what we did to solve the problem on Djursland Broadband coverage on Djursland On Djursland the consequences of the short range of ADSL was that 25% of the households outside the cities could not get a ADSL broadband access Lets start to see the economical forces graphically

7. Page 7 Possibility of Internet access through the Danish telecom net % of households in Denmark with respectively big and small bandwidth It will almostcost 3times more to reach one rural household than it has cost to reach nineteenin thecities,so for 1 rural you get about3 times nineteenin cities 19 times more homes which have access for 16 times more speed Totally unprofitable for TDC in dense settlement in dispersedsettlement

8. Page 8 IT is all too expensive to create ADSL-access in rural areas TDC’s expense for establishment of these 4600 extra ADSL-centrals would in real money amount to 175 million €. TDC would have an additional expense of 150 €for each household to be connected. TDC does not think that connecting the rural people can happen on market conditions. TDC therefore wants national fundsto make broadband access in the rural countryside.

9. Page 9 The counterclaim from several of the Danish political partiesto the TDC is wishing to decide a universal service obligation, but the EU-commission rejects universal service obligation in this field From the EU and the government side the decisions are clear: Broadband roll out is to happen based on pure market conditions So neither will TDC be ordered a universal service obligation nor will companies be given government grants to bridge the divide Thus a rural solution is left over to a market totally without ability This way authorities and business market leaves the rural population to themselves

10. Page 10 Djursland and what we did Facts of Djursland: Population: 82.420 Total area: 1.491 km² Population density: 57,6 pr. km² Since 2001 volunteers have developed the Djursland-model. It proved that people in the Danish countryside, through volunteer action, can get comparable broadband access at 1/3 of the average market price in cities, using an outdoor antenna amplified wireless data radio technique, based on standardized mass-produced Wi-Fi equipment. (Negotiations with 35 ISPs on all kind of technology showed that a rural IT-infrastructure giving access all over Djursland could not be established on market conditions) (The 8 municipalities on Djursland)

11. Page 11 • User installation box • An outdoor box with: • An accesspoint • A directional antenna in the lid • Ethernet kabel for the house • An lengthened powercord

12. Page 12 • A central village installation: • A radio-based connectionlinking to a central radio stationthrough a directional-antenna. • And an omni-antennagiving radio-basedaccess for installationsat roofs at householdsand institutions

13. Page 13 DjurslandS.net . . is run by volunteersand consist today of 9area nets, with morethan 250 central antenna nodes, which each covers about 10km in diameter in all directions, and whichin all, up to now, give wireless access to close to 6000 amplified APs in rural households, -schools, -institutions and -firms. Each household etc. borrows the gear and pays a one time contribution of 267 €, and also 13 € each month for access. Bandwidth is between2 and 5 Megabit/sec. The 6000 connectedhouseholds etc. saveall together each yearabout 2 1/4 million €,compared to the sum they should have paid to the commercial ISPs, – if they could have delivered to everybody in our rural areas at the actual city-market price for similar bandwidth.Each new household saves 275 € the first year, and each of the following years they save more than 500 €. User antennas with 1½ km reach is used in the purple areas User antennas with 3 kmreach is used in the orange areas User antennas with5 km reach is used in the yellow areas

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16. Page 16 The wireless landscapenet has a world-beating economy As seen here, a wireless landscapenet - which is established and driven by volunteers - has an economical cost effectiveness and sustainability which over 4 year is about 165 times bigger than when a surface covering IT infrastructure is created in a rural area, through establishment of extra DSL centrals and their access lines. Totally unprofitable for TDC Landscapenet has 165 times better economy than ADSL rural centrals

17. Page 17 • Self organizing is the sure solution for remote areas • Through self-organizingin our rural districts we can- out of self interest -,establish and run our ownbroadband-infrastructures,where all institutions andhouseholds can get access at 1/3of the average market price in big cities. • So we are not really dependent on funding ! • Think about what this means globally !

18. Page 18 • As rural districts we don’t have to either be dependent on: • the lacking ability of the political conditions to cope with minorities • or the lacking motivation of commercial interests • We can create and run IT-infrastructures by our own powers. • As rural population we ought to take the initiative ourselvesto better our living conditions, as we as minority anyway never will get high priority on the agenda of society. • So I would say to rural people: • Don’t wait for nothing – do it yourself, and do it now ! • The broadband problem in the countryside is easily solved;it is only a matter of organizing volunteers and provide the appropriate knowledge and competence to run Wi-Fi based landscapenet.

19. Page 19 DIIRWB’s training- and teaching-disciplines 1) Organization 2) Campaign 3) Administration 4) Equipment and tools 5) Net-planning- and building 6) Web-portal building and running 7) User-support and running net 8) Handling of routers and servers 9) Documentation and evaluation Normally we will train groups from the same area with at least 8 participants. They will be specialized so that a sharing of work can take place. Share of responsibility among volunteers makes non-commercial establishing and running of community network realistic.

20. Page 20 Thank you for your attention :-) Further information can be obtained at: http://Boevl.dk http://DjurslandS.net http://Networking-Djursland.dk http://DIIRWB.net (fetch the institute brochure) http://Landscapenet.eu Or via: Kontakt@Boevl.dk + 45 60 25 00 01 og 15

21. Appendix A Test of QoS in Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11a equipment from Lancom Test of QoS in WiMax equipment from Redline Communications Research was done at DIIRWB’s partner: the University of Stralsund in nothern Germany.

22. Appendix B BIRD-REPORT FROM DJURSLAND, DENMARK DIIRWB - a cooperation between GTS and Bøvl - is running 16 local partial project to further develop an example of a rural IT society. We are here represented by Klavs, Birte and me Bjarke. Partner with the Innovation Djursland initiative. We are focusing on developing solutions to bridge the technological and social divide which rural people meet. IT minister has promised access, also all over in rural areas, but without funding, alone through the market TDC can provide access up to 2mbit to 95% households through 1600 centrals TDC would have to make an extra 4600 centrals to reach the remaining 5% and that can not be done commercially. According to the Djursland wireless infrastructure model, 165 households in rural areas can be given access for what it cost to reach a single household by extra traditional centrals and at 1/3 of the market price for similar service in the cities. - This is based on the experience from connecting 5000 households etc. in rural Djursland - an area of 60*50 km. 57 individuals pr. km2.

23. Appendix C DIIRWB are now arranging a Networking Djursland Conference with participation of 25 partners and the public in jan-07. 16 pilot projects are presented on further development of Djursland into a good rural IT society. Cooperation with Grenaa City Antenna society about TV via the rural wireless network. We are testing wireless multicasting. Cooperation with the electricity company of our area about integrating fiber access and the rural wireless net, bringing higher speed to each wirelessly connected household etc. Cooperation with the rural board of our region, on multiplying our model for other rural areas in our region. A mobile reaching platform with tree tasks. A one month travel in India has prepared 5 rural areas to apply the Djursland-model and make showcases for all of rural India. Free wireless access with limited bandwidth is planned for the whole geographical area in two of our eight municipalities. This will benefit mobile wireless access for the locals as well as for tourists.