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Body and Behavior

Body and Behavior. The Nervous System: The Basic Structure. The nervous system is divided into two parts:. Central Nervous System (CNS) : the brain and spinal cord Spinal Cord : nerves that run down the length of the back and transmit most messages between the body and brain

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Body and Behavior

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  1. Body and Behavior

  2. The Nervous System: The Basic Structure

  3. The nervous system is divided into two parts: • Central Nervous System (CNS) : the brain and spinal cord • Spinal Cord : nerves that run down the length of the back and transmit most messages between the body and brain • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): nerves branching out from the spinal cord

  4. Neurons Neurons: the long, thin cells of nerve tissue along which messages travel to and from the brain Neurotransmitters: the chemicals released by neurons, which determine the rate at which other neurons fire.

  5. Synapse • Synapse: the gap that exists between individual nerve cells

  6. Voluntary and Involuntary Activities • Somatic Nervous System (SNS) : refers to the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary activities. • Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) : the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls internal biological functions

  7. Studying the Brain • Hindbrain: a part of the brain located at the rear base of the skull that is involved in the basic processes of life.

  8. Midbrain : a small part of the brain above the pons that integrates sensory information and relays it upward

  9. Forebrain : a part of the brain that covers the brain’s central core

  10. The Lobes of the Brain • Lobes: the different regions into which the cerebral cortex is divided

  11. Left and Right Hemispheres

  12. How Psychologists Study the Brain • Electroencephalograph (EEG): a machine used to record the electrical activity of large portions of the brain

  13. Brain Stimulation

  14. Lesions

  15. Accidents

  16. Images • Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT) : An imaging technique used to study the brain to pinpoint injuries and brain deterioration.

  17. Positron Emission Tomography (PET): An imaging technique used to see which brain areas are being activated while performing tasks

  18. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): An imaging technique used to study brain structure and activity

  19. The Endocrine System Endocrine System: a chemical communication system, using hormones, by which messages are sent through the bloodstream Hormones: chemical substances that carry messages through the body in blood

  20. Pituitary Gland: the center of control of the endocrine system that secretes a large number of hormones

  21. Thyroid Gland: produces the hormone thyroxinewhich stimulates certain chemical reactions that are important for all tissues of the body.

  22. Adrenal Glands: become active when a person is angry or frightened, they release epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream

  23. Heredity and Environment

  24. Twin Studies • Identical Twins: twins who come from one fertilized egg; twins having the same heredity Genes: the basic building blocks of heredity

  25. Fraternal Twins: twins who come from two different eggs fertilized by two different sperm

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