Tibet’s Fight For Survival in the Modern World

1. Tibet’s Fight For Survival in the Modern World

2. Recent History • Turmoil was the hallmark for both Tibet and China in the early nineteenth century. • Tibet was invaded by The British in the 1904. • At this time, Manchu rulers in China were weak and the British invasion stopped the Manchurian influence over Tibet. • In 1910, Manchurian government sent the Imperial Army to Tibet and occupied Lhasa. • This control lasted for only a year when the Manchu ruler was overthrown, • After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, Dalai Lama, who was formally in exile in India, returned to Tibet and informed the Chinese government that he intended to exercise both temporal and ecclesiastic rule in Tibet (Smith). • This ambiguous statement was interpreted as a declaration of Independence by some, but the real intention of the statement was not clear.

3. Focus Question 3Is Tibetan Nationalism a result of British Imperialism? • China maintains • upsurge of nationalism in Tibet result of British Imperialism • Manipulation of trade • British presence in India allowed Tibetan “independence” • Younghusband imposed western ideals on Tibet

4. TIBET AND BRITAIN • The ambiguity of the relationship between Tibet and China during this period was further compounded by British Intervention. • Britain wanted Tibet to be independent from China so as to create a buffer state between British India and China. • However, the British did not clearly express this intention because it did not want to hurt its trade relationship with China and Hong Kong (Smith). • Britain stood in between Tibet and China, assuring each side of British support and making the relationship between China and Tibet even mistier.

5. Source Study • Examine the sources • Convention between Great Britain, China and Tibet: Simla 1914 • Convention between Great Britain and Thibet 1904 • An Illusion called ‘greater Tibet area’

6. MIND MAP SUMMARY Create a summary of the main points in your sources

7. MIND MAP SUMMARY Create a summary of the main points in your sources

8. MIND MAP SUMMARY Create a summary of the main points in your sources

9. KNOWLEDGE QUIZ • Write down the answers to the following questions • What is the definition of a nation? • What is the definition of hegemony? • What is the definition of imperialism? • What is the main argument that China uses for its claim to Tibet? • When did the Chinese sign a treaty with Tibet that guaranteed its borders? • Which dynasty succeeded the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China? • Which country played a leading role in Chinese-Tibetan politics in the late 19th and early 20th centuries? • What is the capital of Tibet? • Who is the leader of Tibet? • What do the initials TAR stand for?

10. Quiz Answers • What is the definition of a nation? People or race organised as a state • What is the definition of hegemony? Leadership, political domination • What is the definition of imperialism? Extension of empire, colonial empire • What is the main argument that China uses for its claim to Tibet? That it has traditionally always been part of China; China is a land of diverse peoples • When did the Chinese sign a treaty with Tibet that guaranteed its borders? 822 • Which dynasty succeeded the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China? Ming or Han • Which country played a leading role in Chinese-Tibetan politics in the late 19th and early 20th centuries? Britain • What is the capital of Tibet? Lhasa • Who is the leader of Tibet? 14th Dalai Lama • What do the initials TAR stand for? Tibet Autonomous Region