Neuroanatomy Lecture

1. Neuroanatomy Lecture CogSci 107C – Prof. Chiba 4/5, 2007 For more brain images and active content: http://www9.biostr.washington.edu/cgi-bin/DA/imageform

2. This is your brain….. (no, really)

3. Central Nervous System

4. Sulci and Fissures

5. External Brainstem – Cranial Nerves

6. On Old Olympus Towering Top AFinn And German Viewed Some Hops.

7. Example of Cranial Nerve: Trigeminal The trigeminal nerve as the name indicates is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches.

8. Ventricles

10. Blood Supply

12. Blood Vessels

13. Sagittal Brainstem

14. Limbic System

15. Medial Structures

16. Hippocampus

17. Hippocampal Dissections

18. Thalamus

19. Corona Radiata –Thalamic Pathways

20. Caudate Nucleus

21. Basal Ganglia Structures

22. Cortex

23. Cerebellum

24. Vascular System • Reminder: All brain function is dependent on oxygen. • There are two main arterial supplies to the brain: • Carotid Arteries • Basilar Artery (comes off of vertebral arteries)

27. Vertebal Arteries/Basilar Artery Identify the following arteries in the cerebral angiogram in the image above: Vertebral Artery - Basilar Artery

28. Right Internal Carotid Artery

33. DA, NE, 5HT Pathways

34. Norepinephrine

35. The Origins of Cognitive Neuroscience Psychology – Experimental/Cognitive Neurology – Clinical Emergent Clinical Fields: Behavioral Neurology Neuropsychology Emergent Experimental Fields: Neuroscience Experimental Neuropsychology Behavioral Neuroscience

36. Research Populations • Human patients with brain damage or disorders • Neurologically intact humans • Nonhuman animals primates rodents invertebrates

37. The Origins of Cognitive Neuroscience Psychology – Experimental/Cognitive Neurology – Clinical Emergent Clinical Fields: Behavioral Neurology Neuropsychology Emergent Experimental Fields: Neuroscience Experimental Neuropsychology Behavioral Neuroscience

38. Research Populations • Human patients with brain damage or disorders • Neurologically intact humans • Nonhuman animals primates rodents invertebrates

39. Patients with Brain Damage • The lesion approach Examples: 1. HM remember him??? 2. Blindsight huh? Any problems with this approach???????

40. WHAT'S NEW WITH THE AMNESIC PATIENT H.M.? Suzanne Corkin H.M. became amnesic in 1953. Since that time, nearly 100 investigators, first at the Montreal Neurological Institute and since 1966 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, have participated in studying him. We all understand the rare opportunity we have had to work with him, and we are grateful for his dedication to research. He has taught us a great deal about the cognitive and neural organization of memory. We are in his debt.

42. Problems with the Lesion Approach • Variability in regions of damage • Example: language mapping

43. BTW: DISCLAIMER • The broken brain may not process information in the same way as the intact brain….. • EG: Stiles – developmental studies of spatial processing

44. Behavioral Methods • Clinical Interviews • Information from caretakers • Neuropsychological Testing • Battery Approach • Decision Tree Approach Experimental Testing

50. Physiological Methods • CAT – Computerized Axial Tomography • MRI – Magnetic Resonance Imaging • FMRI • PET • Electrophysiological Recording • EEG • ERP • Depth Electrodes