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Chapter 11: Industry

Chapter 11: Industry. The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography. Where is Industry Distributed?. Origin of industry From cottage industries to the Industrial Revolution

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Chapter 11: Industry

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  1. Chapter 11: Industry The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography

  2. Where is Industry Distributed? • Origin of industry • From cottage industries to the Industrial Revolution • Impact of the Industrial Revolution especially great on iron, coal, transportation, textiles, chemicals, and food processing

  3. Diffusion of the Industrial Revolution Figure 11-2

  4. Where is Industry Distributed? • Industrial regions • Europe • Emerged in late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries • North America • Industry arrived later but spread faster than in Europe • East Asia

  5. Industrial Regions Figure 11-3

  6. Industrial Areas in Europe Figure 11-4

  7. Industrial Areas in North America Figure 11-5

  8. Why Are Situation Factors Important? Figure 11-8 • Proximity to inputs • Bulk-reducing industries • Examples: • Copper • Steel

  9. Why Are Situation Factors Important? Figure 11-10 • Proximity to markets • Bulk-gaining industries • Examples: • Fabricated metals • Beverage production • Single-market manufacturers • Perishable products

  10. Why Are Situation Factors Important? • Ship, rail, truck, or air? • The farther something is transported, the lower the cost per km/mile • Cost decreases at different rates for each of the four modes • Truck = most often for short-distance travel • Train = used to ship longer distances (1 day +) • Ship = slow, but very low cost per km/mile • Air = most expensive, but very fast

  11. Why Are Site Factors Important? • Labor • The most important site factor • Labor-intensive industries • Examples: textiles • Textile and apparel spinning • Textile and apparel weaving • Textile and apparel assembly

  12. Cotton Yarn Production Figure 11-16

  13. Woven Cotton Fabric Production Figure 11-17

  14. Production of Women’s Blouses Figure 11-18

  15. Why Are Site Factors Important? Figure 11-20 • Land • Rural sites • Environmental factors • Capital

  16. Why Are Location Factors Changing? • Attraction of new industrial regions • Changing industrial distribution within MDCs • Interregional shift within the United States • Right-to-work laws • Textile production • Interregional shifts in Europe • Convergence shifts • Competitive and employment regions

  17. Changing U.S. Manufacturing Figure 11-21

  18. Manufacturers of Men’s and Women’s Socks and Hosiery Figure 11-22

  19. European Union Structural Funds Figure 11-23

  20. Why Are Location Factors Changing? • Attraction of new industrial regions • International shifts in industry • East Asia • South Asia • Latin America • Changing distributions • Outsourcing

  21. World Steel Production Figure 11-24

  22. Global Production Figure 11-25

  23. Apparel Production and Jobs in the United States Figure 11-26

  24. Why Are Location Factors Changing? • Renewed attraction of traditional industrial regions • Proximity to skilled labor • Fordist, or mass production • Post-Fordist, or lean production • Just-in-time delivery

  25. Electronic Computing Manufacturing Figure 11-28

  26. Women’s and Girls’ Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing Figure 11-29

  27. The End. Up next: Services

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