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1. Election of 1800: The rise of political parties caused flaws in the electoral college

ELECTION OF 1800. 1. Election of 1800: The rise of political parties caused flaws in the electoral college Parties chose their candidates and electors would vote for them 2. Led to a tie between Jefferson and Burr----House of Representatives chose Jefferson. 3. To eliminate future problems

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1. Election of 1800: The rise of political parties caused flaws in the electoral college

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  1. ELECTION OF 1800 • 1.Election of 1800: The rise of political parties caused flaws in the electoral college • Parties chose their candidates and electors would vote for them • 2. Led to a tie between Jefferson and Burr----House of Representatives chose Jefferson. • 3. To eliminate future problems • 12th Amendment: Requires electors to specify which person they want for President and VP on separate ballots so their would never be a tie. FederalistsDemocratic RepublicansAdams--Pres---65 Jefferson---Pres.---73Hamilton---VP Burr---VP----73

  2. THOMAS JEFFERSON • Born in Virginia • Graduate of William and Mary College • A practicing lawyer and member of Virginia’s House of Burgesses • Father of the DOI • Secretary of State under President Washington • Vice President under Adams • Owned 200 slaves

  3. JEFFERSON AND CONTRADICTIONS • Anti-War and Anti-Navy (Pacifist) • Went to war with Barbary Pirates in North Africa • Built the “mosquito fleet” of naval ships • Anti-British/Pro-French • Almost allied with England and went to war with France to force Napoleon out of New Orleans. • Against slavery • Owned 200 slaves • Strict Construction of Constitution • Used loose construction of Constitution over purchase of Louisiana territory Jefferson realized that “ideas” are often hard to put into practice in a “realistic world”.

  4. AARON BURR • Aaron Burr (1756-1836) • Born in Newark N.J. • Fought with the continental Army in the Revolutionary war. • A practicing lawyer in New York City against Hamilton • Vice President of the United States (1801-1805). • Kills Alexander Hamilton in a duel • Involved in the Burr Conspiracy

  5. “REVOLUTION” OF 1800 John S. Adams Thomas Jefferson Federalist Democratic/Republican • Significance of Election of 1800 • peaceful transfer of power from one political party to another • “revolutionary” achievement

  6. FEDERALIST FINALE • Adams was the last Federalist president • Jefferson kept most of Federalist policies • Federalist diplomats had signed good treaties with England, Spain, France, and kept US out of war. • Federalists preserved democratic gains, while fending off anarchy

  7. FEDERALIST FINALE Responsibility › Moderation • Jefferson integrated democratic principles into presidency, including walking, pell-mell dining, casual dress • Set precedent of sending messages to Congress to be read, rather than speaking himself • Jefferson dismissed few Federalist appointments, used very little patronage, consistent with conciliatory inaugural address • Jefferson as politician used personal charm to sway congressional representatives

  8. FEDERALIST FINALE Restraint Helps Revolution Jefferson axed a few Federalist policies • Pardoned those convicted under expired Sedition Act • Reduced residency requirement for citizenship back to 5 years • Repealed hated excise tax • Made efforts to eliminate debt

  9. FEDERALIST FINALE Restraint Helps “Revolution” • Yet Jefferson showed restraint by leaving most of Federalist program • Did not attack tariff, Bank, funding at par, or assumption of debt • Helped 2-party system by showing that defeat (for Federalists) didn’t mean disaster

  10. JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY • Jefferson’s Presidency is considered a transitional period in US History. • Many historians look at this time period as the beginning of the true democracy. • Believed National Government became too powerful during Adam’s Presidency • Would try to reduce National Govt. power but actually expands Presidential power. KING GEORGE FEDERALISTS JEFFERSON

  11. JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY • Visualized an agrarian society • Feared industrialization and its effects …. • Farmers were the chosen class. • Laissez faire--govt. stays out of people’s lives • Against BUS but did not repeal it. • Owned slaves but believed it was evil….Slavery would end but predicted it would divide U.S…Ultimate goal, Blacks would assimilate into American society • Native Americans, co-existence a long range goal but would have to learn agricultural ways and become self-sufficient…For that time, Indians and whites could not co-exist and worked towards voluntary removal of tribes to western lands • Believed education the key to social mobility

  12. JOHN MARSHALL • Born in Virginia, 1755 • Served as an officer with General Washington during the Revolution • Attended College of William and Mary and became a practicing attorney. • 2nd cousin of Thomas Jefferson. • Marshall became a committed Federalist where his court decisions would reflect the need for a strong national government over the states. • Dominated court for 34 years, long after Federalist party died out.

  13. MARSHALL'S DECISIONS • Marbury vs. Madison, 1803 • Case: William Marbury, a Federalist and a “midnight appointment” of President Adams, did not receive his commission from Sec. of State, James Madison. Marbury asked the SC to issue a “writ of mandamus” forcing Madison to deliver his commission. • Decision/Reason: Marshall dismissed suit, but in doing so struck down part of Judiciary Act of 1789 because SC had no authority to give Marbury his commission. • Significance: Established precedent of “judicial review”and the Supreme Court, not states had power to declare laws of Congress unconstitutional.

  14. MARBURY VS MADISON • Prior to this case, the Supreme Court had been the weakest of the three branches of government. • Earlier, the belief was the states could nullify a law • 1803, the Supreme Court established its role as the final arbitrator (authority) of the meaning of the Constitution and its position of equality. • By setting a precedent for judicial reviewor the Supreme Court can declare a law unconstitutional not the states or Congress. • It also “sent the message” that the National Government is the last authority thus reinforcing Marshall’s belief in a strong central government over the states.

  15. Spanish Land 1800 • Great Britain after the Revolution. • United States after War • Spanish land after Revolution New Orleans

  16. LOUISIANA PURCHASE • 1800, France acquired Spanish Louisiana & New Orleans • Because of pressure from the westand national security threats, Jefferson offered to buy New Orleans from France • Offered Napoleon $10 million to buy New Orleans • If sale fails, instructed to seek alliance with England

  17. LOUISIANA PURCHASE • Since Napoleon was at war with Great Britain he offered entire Louisiana Territory to US for $15 million • Needed the money for his war with Great Britain • Jefferson purchased Louisiana Territory for $15 million, about 3 cents an acre • Doubled the size of the US • Jefferson’s greatest accomplishment • Why? Didn’t fight a war, no blood shed.

  18. French Land in 1801 • Great Britain after the Revolution. • United States after War • Spanish land New Orleans

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