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Chapter19: The Vietnam War Years

Chapter19: The Vietnam War Years. 19.1: Going to War in Vietnam. The United States tries to control the spread of communism in Vietnam. Rulers of Vietnam a. before WWII? France b. during WWII? Japan c. after WWII? Ho Chi Minh/North

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Chapter19: The Vietnam War Years

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  1. Chapter19: The Vietnam War Years

  2. 19.1: Going to War in Vietnam The United States tries to control the spread of communism in Vietnam

  3. Rulers of Vietnam a. before WWII? France b. during WWII? Japan c. after WWII? Ho Chi Minh/North Ngo Dinh Diem/South A. Roots of American Involvement

  4. Ho Chi Minh: communist leader of Northern Vietnam b. What did he want? Independence of Vietnam from French Who were the Vietminh? Communist Vietnamese who wanted independence from France How does he relate to containment? he was supported by SU and China Growth of Nationalism in Vietnam

  5. U.S. supports Ho Chi Minh? During WWII to get rid of Japanese France retakes the south of Vietnam (1946) U.S. dilemma ? no longer supporting colonization but still trying to fight against communism China’s fall ’49 & Korean War ‘53 Truman decides to aid France 1950-1954: U.S. spends $2.6 billion supporting France VS. France vs. Vietminh

  6. Eisenhower’s Domino theory 1954: French post at Dien Bien Phu falls/guerilla tactics July 1954:Geneva Accords (peace agreement) temporary divide at 17th parallel Diem agreed to countrywide elections for 1956 – never happens Korea ends in stalemate (1953) Vietminh Drive out the French

  7. Diem cancels elections of 1956 Minh supported by the people Diem Corrupt/suppressed opposition Repressed Buddhist practices Vietcong (NLF): worked w/Ho Chi Minh to remove Diem Ngo Dinh Diem (South V.) Nationalist French out = U.S. Stepping In

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  9. Vietcong – South Vietnamese communists organize after cancelled elections Eisenhower sends in military advisers to train SV army Vietcong begin to kill gov’t officials America Becomes Involved inVietnam

  10. Strategic Hamlets • The Strategic Hamlet Program was a plan by the governments of South Vietnam and the US to combat the Communist insurgency by means of population transfer • Made things worse for Diem

  11. Kennedy and Vietnam • 1960: JFK now in office; continues to support Diem • Diem continues with corruption • Nationalist Vietnamese executes Diem/JFK assassinated • LBJ now president and does not want to appear “soft” on communism

  12. 1. Tonkin Gulf Resolution (1964): Granted Johnson military powers in Vietnam without officially declaring war Operation Rolling Thunder First prolonged bombing of North Vietnam Attempt to avoid sending in troops Pres. Johnson expands the conflict

  13. B. War in the Jungle 1. Tricks of the Vietcong • Guerilla tactics: irregular warfare such as hit and run and ambush tactics • Hiding within civilian population/city and countryside • Booby traps and land mines • Terrain and tunnels

  14. Vietcong Tunnels

  15. 2. US Strategies • War of Attrition: wearing down the enemy by continuous harassment; progress measured by the # dead • Body count • Win over the “hearts and minds” of the S. Vietnamese • Napalm/agent orange • Search and destroy missions

  16. Agent Orange

  17. Napalm(gasoline-base bomb) attack

  18. Effects of Agent Orange • http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/12/AR2006111201065.html

  19. SU and China supplied N. Vietnam US concerned China will help N. Vietnam militarily as they did in Korea Ho Chi Minh Trail

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