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LECTURE 2, AUGUST 26, 2010

LECTURE 2, AUGUST 26, 2010. ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu. MASTERING ASTRONOMY. AN INTRODUCTION BY CELESTE NOSSITER EXECUTIVE SALES REPRESENTIVE PEARSON HIGHER EDUCATION ARTS AND SCIENCES. THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD. FACTS OR OBSERVATIONS.

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LECTURE 2, AUGUST 26, 2010

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  1. LECTURE 2, AUGUST 26, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT jcbrandt@unm.edu ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

  2. MASTERING ASTRONOMY AN INTRODUCTION BY CELESTE NOSSITER EXECUTIVE SALES REPRESENTIVE PEARSON HIGHER EDUCATION ARTS AND SCIENCES ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

  3. THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD • FACTS OR OBSERVATIONS ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

  4. THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD • FACTS OR OBSERVATIONS • ORGANIZING IDEAS OR THEORY ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

  5. THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD • FACTS OR OBSERVATIONS • ORGANIZING IDEAS OR THEORY • PREDICTIONS AND TESTING ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

  6. ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

  7. ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

  8. POWERS OF TEN-1 103 = 1,000 102 = 100 101 = 10 100 = 1 10-1 = 0.1 10-2 = 0.01 10-3 = 0.001 ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

  9. POWERS OF TEN-2 • Some examples: • Distance to the Sun is: 15,000,000,000,000 cm = 1.5 x 1013 cm Radius of the helium atom is: 0.00000001 cm = 1 x 10-8 cm ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

  10. POWERS OF TEN-3 • A sample calculation. Add exponents to multiply & subtract exponents to divide. • Population of the U.S. (2004) was 293,850,000 or 2.94 x 108 • The National Debt (2004) was $7,443,900,000,000 or $7.44 x 1012 • Ratio is 7.44/2.94 x 1012-8 = $2.5 x 104 ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

  11. ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

  12. ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

  13. Question 6 Stars in a constellation are a) physically close to each other. b) usually equal in brightness. c) about the same age. d) about the same distance away. e) in the same part of the sky.

  14. Question 6 Stars in a constellation are a) physically close to each other. b) usually equal in brightness. c) about the same age. d) about the same distance away. e) in the same part of the sky. Stars within a constellation might be very different distances, ages, types, and brightnesses.

  15. ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

  16. ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

  17. ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

  18. ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

  19. ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

  20. ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

  21. Question 3 What is the path thatthe Sun, Moon, and planets follow through the constellations? a) the celestial equator b) the north celestial pole c) the Milky Way d) the zodiac e) the ecliptic

  22. Question 3 What is the path thatthe Sun, Moon, and planets follow through the constellations? a) the celestial equator b) the north celestial pole c) the Milky Way d) the zodiac e) the ecliptic The ecliptic also marks the plane of Earth’s orbit around the Sun.

  23. ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

  24. ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

  25. CALENDARS-1 • Roman Civil Calendar = “a mess” • Julian Calendar (Leap Years) = 365.2500 days • Tropical Year = 365.2422 days • Difference = 0.0078 days • Gregorian Calendar = 365.2425 days, Leap Years adjusted for “Centurial Years” ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

  26. CALENDARS-2 • Gregorian Calendar adopted in 1582 AD, but not accepted outside Catholic Countries • Adopted by Great Britain in 1752 AD • George Washington was born on February 11 (Julian), but February 22, 1732 AD (Gregorian) • Now the universal Civil Calendar ASTR 101-3, 2010

  27. TIME ZONES, ETC • Time zones adopted in the 1880s prompted by the needs of the railroads • International Date line in the Pacific Ocean • Leap Second, added from time to time because the earth’s rotation is not constant ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

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