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Chapter Seven : Fresh Water. Section one: Fresh water on the suface of the earth. Water cycle: Most fresh water on the earth’s surface is found in the moving water and in standing water.
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Section one: Fresh water on the suface of the earth. • Water cycle: Most fresh water on the earth’s surface is found in the moving water and in standing water. • Frozen zone: If you make a snow ball and hold it tight in your hands for a while the warmth of your body will cause the snow to melt. You may also notice that when you form the snow ball it makes ice when you put it together.
Running water • Rivers and streams are important source of fresh water. • Industry and commerce depend on rivers for transporting supplies and equipment and for shipping supplies and equipment and for shipping finished products.
Standing water • Within a water shed some of the surface runoff gets caught in low places. Standing bodies of water are formed there. Depending on there size, these of water are called lake or ponds.
Section two: Fresh water beneath the surface of the earth. • Not all the water that falls off runs down into lakes. Some of it soaks into the ground. The water in the ground is one of the earths most important resources. There is more water under the ground than in the lakes rivers and ponds.
Ground water • Ground water is present because the various forms of precipitation rain snow sleet and hail do not stop traveling when they hit the ground. Instead the precipitation continues to move slowly downward through pores or spaces in the ground, rocks, and soil.
Ground water formation. • In some areas the underlying of rocks is limestone. Because lime stone is affected by ground water in a particular way underground caverns often form in these areas. As the water moves down it joins with carbon dioxide to a weak acid that can dissolve lime stone.
. Section three: Water as a solvent. • Water is the most common substance on earth. It exists as a solid, a liquid, or a gas. Water moves in a cycle among the ocean the air and the land.
Composition of water • A water molecule is smallest particles of water that has all the properties of water. A water molecule forms when two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen combine. • Because of its polarity water is able to dissolve many different substances.
Hardness of water • The taste, odor, and appearance of water vary from area to area. The difference depends on the amount and types of material dissolved in the water. • The water that you drink can come from surface source of from a ground water source.
Quality of water • Water is necessary to all life on earth . So it is important to mountain the quality of our water. But the bad problem is that most of the earths water is being polluted.
Vocabulary words. • Evaporation, is when the water turns into a gas. • Water cycle is where it goes into the different things like gas clouds rain then back to the ground. • Condensation is like you go to the fridge and the ling you had for supper has water dripping down. • Precipitation is when it rains • Ground water is the water under the ground. • Glacier is a big frozen ice cube in the north and the south poles. • Valley glacier is a glacier on the side if a mountain or a hill.
Vocabulary Words • Continental glacier are polar ice sheets • Iceberg are the ice that floats in the water. • Surface runoff is the water that runs off into rivers after a heavy rain. • Pore space is the space between the soil. • Watershed is the surface run off into a system of rivers. • Preamble - material through which water can move quickly. • Impermeable - is sometimes described as clay.
Vocabulary • Zone of saturation - this underground region in which all the pores are filled with water. • Zone of aeration - The drier region in which the pores are filled mostly with air. • Water table - it marks the level below which the ground is separated, or soaked with water • Aquifers - at this point the groundwater may move sideways through a layer of rocks or sediment that allows to pass freely • Cavern - limestone is affected by groundwater in a particular way caverns often form in these areas • Solvent - is a substance in which another substance dissolves • Polarity - property of a molecule with opposite charged ends.
Vocabulary • Solution - there is a substance that contains two or more substances mixed on the molecular level • Hard water - water that contains large amount s of dissolved minerals • Soft water - water that does not contain minerals
Bibliograghy • www.google.com • www.yahoo.com
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