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This study delves into the intricate web of microbial ecology and their interactions within soil environments. Discover the role of microbes in biogeochemical cycles, symbiotic relationships with higher organisms, and pollution control strategies. Learn about protocols for positive population interactions and consortia, as well as mechanisms of negative population interactions involving predators and parasitism. Explore the dynamics of carbon biogeochemistry in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and the impact of oxygen supply on microbial distribution. Uncover the fascinating world of microbial communities in diverse habitats, from soil close-ups to bovine rumen and hydrothermal vent ecosystems. Dive deep into wastewater treatment processes, from raw sewage treatment to advanced bioremediation methods for pathogen and nutrient removal. Gain insights into secondary treatment techniques like activated sludge and anaerobic digestion, and the significance of monitoring coliform bacteria for water quality assessment.
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Microbial Ecology • Microbes in their Environment • Microbe-Microbe Interactions • Biogeochemistry (Cycling of Elements) • Microbe-Higher Organism Interactions • Environmental Pollution Control
Ant-Fungi Mutualism Actinomycete amensalism of parasitic fungi Fungal-Fungal Parasitism
SOIL • Oxygen supply limited by mineral particle size, organic matter content and water content. • Plant roots may also add oxygen to deeper soils or anaerobic soils. • Water saturation leads to anaerobic conditions and increased denitrification. • Distribution of microbes depends on organic matter supply and source (humus and root exudates)
Soil Close-Up Geosmin = “earthy smell” = Cyanobacteria = Actinomycetes
Mycorrhizae Fungi Ectomycorrhizal association between Douglas Fir (Pseuditsuga menziesii) and a boletus-like mushroom (Suillus caerulescens).
Bovine Rumen It’s a 100+ liter cellulose-degrading methane-producing microbial incubation.
There are only a few manned submersibles in the world that can explore hydrothermal vent communities (e.g. Alvin)
Control Point SourcesWastewater Treatment • Raw Sewage (99.9% water to 0.1% waste) • Pollutants in sewage are: • Debris and grit • Particulate organic material • Colloidal and dissolved organic material • Dissolved inorganic material • Human Pathogens • Toxic Chemicals • Pharmaceuticals
Wastewater Treatment • Preliminary (physical screening) • Primary (physically settle solids) • Secondary (biological) • Remove organics aerobicaly (lower BOD) • Solids production (separate water and “sludge”) • Sludge Treatment (solids reduced) • Tertiary (biological or chemical “polishing”) • Biological nutrient removal systems • Pathogen removal by chlorine or ozone • Chemical nutrient removal (costly)
Secondary Treatment: Activated Sludge (aerobic) Trickle Filters (aerobic) Anaerobic Sludge Digesters
What da Floc? • Bacterial growth in activated sludge digested (aerobic) will aggregate (floc). • Dissolved organics aggregate with bacterial growth and removed from the water. • Imbalances may cause growth of filamentous bacteria or fungi; prevents settling; called “bulking”.
Anaerobic Sludge Digester (Methane Production)
