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Learn how to use adjectives in Pennsylvania Dutch, including different situations that affect their endings. Practice exercises provided.
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PA Dutch 101 Video 32: Adjective Endings. Adjective Endings.
Adjective Endings • In English as in PD, adjectives are used to describe a noun. • In English, adjectives are generally used after linking verbs or immediately before nouns. • After a linking verb: • The house is big. • Before a noun: • The big house...
Adjective Endings • In PD, adjectives that follow linking verbs do not take an ending: • EsHausiss gross. • However, adjectives that precede nouns take special endings. • There are three different situations that affect adjective endings.
Situation 1 – Following a Definite Article • The following endings are used when a noun is following a Definite Article (der,die)
Situation 1 – Following a Definite Article • Der yungMann schreibt der yungeFraa en Brief. • Die grossSchulissgraad um’s Eck rum. • EsaltBuchkummtvundemalteMann.
Situation 2 – Following a Indefinite Article • The following endings are used when a noun is following a Indefinite Article (en)
Situation 2 – Following a Indefinite Article • En yungerMann schreibt re yungeFraa en Brief. • En grossiSchulissgraad um’s Eck rum. • En aldesBuchkummtvun me aldeMann.
Situation 3 – Not following anything • The following endings are used when a noun is not following a Def. or Indef. Article.
Situation 3 – Not following anything • YungerMann, wukummscht du bei? • DickeKinnersollewennicheresse un meh schpiele!
Special Notes: • The following rules apply to adjectives: • Final B becomes a W: • Der Hundisslieb. – Der iss en liewerHund. • Final T becomes a D: • Der Hundissgut. – Der iss en guderHund. • Adjectives that end in E add an N: • Die scheeFraaiss do. – En scheeniFraaiss do. • 2 or more adjectives that modify the same noun, take the same endings: • En scheenigudiKatz schloft in re Scheier.
Iewing - Practice • Der ___ (alt) Schulmeeschderiss am lese. • Der altSchulmeeschderiss am lese. • En ___ (reich) Fraakaaft me ___ (aarm) Mann en ___ (warm) Rock (m). • En reichiFraakaaft me aarmeMann en warmer Rock. • ___ (gut) Kaffi (m) schmecktmirarrigviel. • GuderKaffischmecktmirarrigviel.
Some things to think about: • Adjective Endings can be very difficult at first, but don’t give up! • Try to memorize the ending charts as quickly as possible. • For each situation ask yourself these three questions: • 1. What is the Adjective following? • 2. What is the Gender of the Noun? • 3. What Case is the noun in?
Finally • Many native PD speakers do not always use the correct endings, don’t be discouraged by that. Learn the endings and use them properly!
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