1 / 46

Byzantine Empire

Byzantine Empire. Main Idea. After the fall of the Roman Empire in the West, the Byzantine Empire emerged as the dominant eastern power, with Constantinople as its political, economic, and religious center. The empire lasted over 1,000 years. Background:.

vwingard
Download Presentation

Byzantine Empire

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Byzantine Empire

  2. Main Idea • After the fall of the Roman Empire in the West, the Byzantine Empire emerged as the dominant eastern power, with Constantinople as its political, economic, and religious center. • The empire lasted over 1,000 years.

  3. Background: • Western half of the Roman Empire fell in 476 A.D. • Byzantium had already been rebuilt by Emperor Constantine, who then renamed the city Constantinople.

  4. Geography and Cityscape of Constantinople 1. Built on seven hills and divided into 14 districts, like Rome. 2. Protected by 13 miles of walls, watchtowers, and gates. • Easily fortified site surrounded on three sides by water, bordering a natural harbor. 3. Its location combined with its control of the Bosporus Strait made the city a hub for trade and shipping between Europe, Africa, and Asia.

  5. Walls of Constantinople

  6. A satellite view of the area. Black Sea Europe Can you see the remarkable location of Constantinople at the center of the ‘X’ of land & sea trade routes? Asia Aegean Sea

  7. Black Sea Bosphorus Strait Sea of Marmara Constantinople today is known as Istanbul. Dardanelles Strait

  8. Geography and Cityscape of Constantinople • 4. Adequate distance from Germanic invasions of the western empire. • 5. Good location to protect Europe’s eastern frontier. • 6. Seized by Turks in 1453 CE and renamed Istanbul; today it is a major city in modern Turkey.

  9. Role of Constantinople: • 1. True center or seat of Byzantine power until the Ottoman conquest • 2. Important in preserving classical Greco-Roman culture

  10. Justinian and Theodora

  11. How Justinian Was Described? Why? • While alive Justinian, he was described as devout, determined, and energetic. • After His Death, the historian Procopius referred to Justinian as two-faced and cruel in a “Secret History”

  12. Emperor Justinian • Occupation: Emperor of Byzantium • Reign: 527 – 565 CE • Best known for: The Golden Age of Byzantium and the Justinian Code of Law Justinian Theodora

  13. Achievements of Byzantine Emperor Justinian: 1. Justinian’s Code-is the code of Roman laws that was the basis of imperial law in Eastern Empire until 1453 CE. a. included laws concerning marriage, slavery, property, inheritance, and women’s rights b. had a significant impact on European legal code

  14. Achievements of Byzantine Emperor Justinian: 2. Becoming EmperorIn 527 CE, Justinian became the new emperor. He was a hard working emperor who was known for surrounding himself with talented people. Came to throne at age 45! 3. Expanding the Empire Re-conquered former Roman territories, but not Rome Significantly expanded trade

  15. Achievements of Byzantine Emperor Justinian: 4. Acted as head of church and state (2-seated Chair) 5. Placed a heavy emphasis on church building, which displayed his leadership of both the government and the church. a. Hagia Sophia – Constantinople’s masterpiece of architecture and faith

  16. And more achievements! 6. Drove barbarians out of North Africa, Spain, and Italy 7. Built bridges, churches, hospitals, libraries, and last but not least parks.

  17. THEODORA!?!?!? • Born into lower class, worked as an actress and dancer as a teenager. • Loved adventure, new friendships and travel • Married Justinian while in her 20’s, sometimes equaled or surpassed husbands wisdom and skills. • Convinced her husband to crush Nika rebellion • Established Social Welfare programs for the poor • Worked for the rights of women

  18. Theodora- Empress Theodora • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_GBnJe_x8sA&list=UUAiABuhVSMZJMqyv4Ur5XqA&index=8&feature=plcp&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active • Below write 5 statements about Theodora from the points of view of: • The poor- • Women- • Nika rebels- • Justinian- • Her friends-

  19. Hagia Sophia

  20. HAGIA SOPHIA 1. Built during Justinian’s reign. Took 5-6 years to build 2. Known as the “Church of Holy Wisdom” 3. When Constantinople fell to the Turks, Hagia Sophia became a mosque; now it is a museum Architecture • Plain exterior symbolizes earthly life • Ornate interior symbolizes spiritual universe • Cathedral’s size, thick pillars, and enclosed space show Greco-Roman influence. • Intricate and ornate design shows MiddleEastern influences

  21. Byzantine architects invented the pendentives which connected the round base of a dome to a square building.

  22. The combination of Greco-Roman and Middle Eastern influence are evident in the intricate decoration on this column.

  23. Mosaics with gold-covered stones added more light to the huge interior of Hagia Sofia.

  24. Byzantine Achievements in Art and Architecture: Art and architecture inspired by two things: Christian religion and imperial power Icons – religious images ex) Elaborate mosaics in public and religious structures

  25. Icon/Mosaic in Hagia Sophia

  26. Byzantine Achievements in Art and Architecture: Hagia Sophia • most beautiful architectural achievement Hippodrome • entertainment venue forchariot races and circuses

  27. Byzantine Culture: Greek and Roman knowledge preserved in Byzantine libraries Greek – primary language (as opposed to Latin in the West) Church – Greek Orthodox Christianity

  28. The Division of the Christian Church: • Background: Distance and lack of contact slowly caused the doctrines and rituals of Western and Eastern Christianity to split in the 11th Century.

  29. The Great Schism • Icons – Pictures of important Christians or sacred events. Can be mosaics, murals, wooden panels. • Those who did not believe in them were called Iconoclasts (Eastern Christians) • This was one of the breaking points for the split.

  30. The Great Schism • In 1054,the split between the Eastern and Western Churches was made permanent when the Pope (in the West) and the Patriarch (in the East) excommunicated each other. • Excommunication –cast out from the church • This permanent split was called the schism

  31. The Western Church- Roman Catholic 1. Centered in Rome 2. Far from the seat of government power once the capital moved to Constantinople 3. Services conducted in Latin

  32. The Western Church- Roman Catholic 4. The pope had authority over all other bishops 5. The pope had authority over all kings and emperors 6. Priests cannot marry and must remain celibate 7. Divorce is not permitted

  33. The Eastern Church – Greek/Eastern Orthodox 1. Centered in Constantinople 2. Close to seat of government power once capital moved to Constantinople 3. Services conducted in Greek or local languages

  34. The Eastern Church – Eastern Orthodox 4. The patriarch and other bishops head the church as a group 5. The emperor claimed authority over the patriarch and other bishops of the Byzantine Empire 6. Priests may be married 7. Divorce is allowed under certain conditions

  35. Service are conducted in Latin Service are conducted in Greek or local languages They base their faith on the gospel of Jesus and the Bible They use sacraments such as baptism Their religious leaders are priests and bishops They seek to convert people The pope has authority over all other bishops The patriarch and other bishops head the Church as a group The pope claims authority over all kings and emperors The emperor claims authority over the patriarch and other bishops of the empire Priests may not marry Priests may be married Divorce is not permitted Divorce is permitted under certain conditions Eastern Orthodox Roman Catholic

  36. England Tin Russia: Fur, Honey, Timber France: Wine China: Silk Spain: Cork India: Spices Africa: Ivory, gold Constantinople: The Hub of Byzantine Trade

  37. Decline of Empire • Plague of Justinian that crippled Empire • In 542, 10,000 people were dying every day! • Attacks from East, West, and North • Slavs, Persians, Turks, and Russian invasions • Attempt to maintain power • Through political marriages, bribes and diplomacy • Walls kept the peninsula strong until 1453 when it fell to the Ottoman Turks • Split of the Church … Must come down What goes up…

  38. BYZANTINE EMPIRE 550 CE

  39. BYZANTINE EMPIRE 1050 CE

  40. BYZANTINE EMPIRE 1350 CE

  41. Ottoman Empire 1606 A.D.

  42. Influence of Byzantine Culture on Eastern Europe and Russia: 1. Trade routes between the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea let to exchange of ideas and culture. 2. Eastern Orthodox missionaries spread their faith to the Slavic people of Russia and Eastern Europe.

  43. Influence of Byzantine Culture on Eastern Europe and Russia: 3. Cyril invented an alphabet for the Slavic languages so that the Slavs could read the Bible in their own tongue. This was called the Cyrillic alphabet. 4. churcharchitecture and religiousart

  44. A Russian Orthodox Church in the Ukraine ~ very similar to the Hagia Sophia.

More Related