1 / 47

Analysis of Avian Flu Project - Threats and Responses

This project delves into the deadly impact of avian influenza on both humans and animals, exploring the structure of proteins, virus mutations, and potential threats. Learn about the symptoms, spread, and mutations of the H5N1 virus. Discover the role of proteins, particularly hemagglutinin (HA), in the infection process. Gain insights into the global response to the H5N1 threat, including vaccination strategies and the importance of understanding viral mutations.

waden
Download Presentation

Analysis of Avian Flu Project - Threats and Responses

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Analyzing the Avian Flu Project by Ben Krentz, Sean McKenna, Shane Prondzinski, and Justin Schield

  2. 7 million people have just died!!! 1 billion are sick!!! All from a mutation….

  3. Proteins • Structure  Function • Varied sizes and shapes • Essential to life; viruses and other cells

  4. Proteins • Proteins comprise of amino acids. Example:

  5. Proteins • Bends and kinks in models • Example: disulphide bond • Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels.

  6. Viruses • Non-living organisms. • Cannot replicate.

  7. Viruses • DNA or RNA inside of a protective coating, or a capsid.

  8. Viruses • Bacteriophages infect prokaryotic cells. Example: T4 Phage

  9. Viruses • Must infect a cell to replicate. Example: HIV Virus

  10. Influenza • Contagious disease • Results from RNA viruses. • This family affect vertebrates. • Surface proteins like hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA).

  11. Influenza • Seasonal epidemics from old strains. • Thousands of deaths • Dangerous new strains of viruses result in major pandemics. • Millions to billions of deaths. • Influenza A, B, and C

  12. Avian Influenza • Bird symptoms of influenza: • Ruffled feathers • Depression • Alertness decreases • Swelling • Edema • Bruising • Congestion

  13. Avian Influenza • Human symptoms of influenza: • Fever • Cough • Sore throat • Muscle aches • Other symptoms: • Infections of the eye • Pneumonia • Trouble with the lungs

  14. Avian Influenza • Avian influenza = Influenza A. • High mutation rate. • Classified like H5N1.

  15. Avian Influenza • 16 HA subtypes and 9 NA subtypes. • Superflu: resistant strains of these influenza viruses. Example: Hong Kong Flu Virions

  16. Avian Influenza • Spread to humans through birds. • Still cannot spread among humans. • Mutation from pigs could allow human to human transfer.

  17. H5N1 Threat This map was made as of April 21, 2006

  18. H5N1 Threat Updated: May 16, 2006

  19. H5N1 Threat • To protect animals, current infected ones are disposed of. • Neuraminidase inhibitors • Tamiflu • Low supply of these vaccines.

  20. H5N1 Threat • 217 humans have been infected.* • 123 have died from H5N1.* *As stated by World Health Organization (WHO).

  21. H5N1 Threat

  22. H5N1 Threat

  23. H5N1 Threat

  24. H5N1 Threat • The mutations of HA and NA could be dangerous combos. • Mutations become lethal and fatal by being more resistant to modern medical means.

  25. H5N1 Threat • For now, vaccines are our only hope. • Looking at H5N1, chemically, there may be a new method to help end this threat, such as HA. 1HTM: 5HMG:

  26. HA: Viral Injector • Haemagluttinin aids the lytic cycle. • Transfers nuclear material for replication.

  27. HA: Viral Injector • Attaches to the cell membrane of the host cell. • Cell “captures” the HA inside of a vacuole, or a “bubble.” • A biological “trojan.”

  28. HA: Viral Injector • At pH of 5, HA fuses to cell membrane. • Collapses the membrane. • Cycle repeats.

  29. HA: Viral Injector • Attaches to human lung cells (epithelial) because of mutations of the HA. • Increased attachment due to increased area. • The actual mutations occur between a few amino acids (4454 total amino acids in H5N1).

  30. HA: Viral Injector • Mutations near the carboxyl end lead to changes of secondary structure. • Thus, gross energy changes.* *Note: These changes are not yet fully understood, nor their roles in the H5N1’s altered operations.*

  31. H1N1 Regular HA H5N1

  32. H1N1 Regular HA H5N1

  33. Central H5N1 1918 H1N1

  34. Sialic Acid Sialic Acid on Regular HA Sialic Acid in Neuraminidase

  35. Antibody involvement with regular HA

  36. Conclusion • Understanding proteins and structure  knowledge of cellular operations. • HA structure analysis  vaccine: -Alter pH of virus? -Regulate sialic acid in the system? -”Cellular armor” for cell membrane? • Mutations infer future epidemic.

  37. If the avian flu mutates, is the world ready?

  38. Acknowledgements • Mr. Heeren • Contacts at MSOE: • Dr. Colton • Dr. Herman • Dr. Morris • Dr. Patrick • Zcorp for the plaster models • 3-D Modeling Company (CBM) for toober

  39. Bibliography I "Amino Acids in Our Ice Experiments, and in Meteorites." The AstroChemistry Lab. 10 Mar. 2005. NASA. 31 Mar. 2006 <http://www.astrochem.org/amino.html>. "Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)." Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 24 Apr. 2006. Department of Health and Human Services. <http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/>. "Avian Influenza ("Bird Flu") Fact Sheet." World Health Organization. <http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/avian_influenza/en/index. html>. "Avian Influenza Infection in Humans." Center for Diseas Control and Prevention. 24 Apr. 2006. Department of Health and Human Services. 10 May 2006 <http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/avian-flu- humans.htm>. "Avian Influenza Outbreaks and Flyaways of Migratory Birds." Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 30 Aug. 2005. 19 May 2006 <http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/subjects/en/health/diseases- cards/migrationmap.html>. Berman, H. M., J. Westbrook, Z. Feng, G. Gilliland, T. N. Bhat, H. Weissig, I. N. Shindyalov, and P. E. Bourne. "An Information Portal to Biological Macromolecular Structures." RSCB Protein Data Bank. 18 Apr. 2006. wwPDB. 24 Apr. 2006 <http://www.pdb.org/>. Blamire, John. "Viruses." Exploring Life @ BiodotEdu. 2001. Brooklyn College. 31 Mar. 2006 <http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/bc/ahp/LAD/C5/C5_Viruses.html>.

  40. Bibliography II Castells-Brooke, Nathalie. "Amino Acids and Peptide Bond." Molecular Biology Notebook. 25 Oct. 2004. 31 Mar. 2006 <http://www.rothamsted.bbsrc.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/aa.htm>. "Cells." Wikipedia. 10 Sept. 2004. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 31 Mar. 2006 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Lexor/Temp/Cell_(NCBI)>. Cerchiara, Jack, and Brendan Holsberry. "Hemagglutinin (HA) - Cell Binding Protien in Avian Influenza." Molecular Biology. Kenyon College. 10 May 2006 <http://biology.kenyon.edu/BMB/Chime2/2005/CerchiaraHolsberry/FR AMES/captxt.htm>. "H5N1." Wikipedia. 22 Apr. 2006. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 31 Mar. 2006 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H5N1>. "Hot Topic - Avian Flu (Bird Flu)." BUPA. 18 Oct. 2005. 10 May 2006 <http://www.bupa.co.uk/health_information/html/health_news/270104a vianflu.html>. "Illustration of HIV Reproduction." Office of NIH History. 31 Mar. 2006 <http://history.nih.gov/NIHInOwnWords/docs/page_04e.html>. "Influenza." Wikipedia. 24 Apr. 2006. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 31 Mar. 2006 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_virus>. Kaiser, Jocelyn. "A One-Size-Fits-All Flu Vaccine?" Science (Magazine). 21 Apr. 2006. Advancing Science, Serving Society. 10 May 2006 <http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/312/5772/380?maxtosho w=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=influenza&search id=1&FIRSTINDE X=0&sortspec=date&re sourcetype=HWCIT>.

  41. Bibliography III Misra, Vikram. "Avian Influenza." 30 Mar. 2005. University of Saskatchewan. 15 May 2006 <http://duke.usask.ca/~misra/virology/stud2005/avianflu/sickbirdappea rance.html>. Moore, Joe S., comp. "Viruses: Viral: Virology." BUCKMINSTER FULLER VIRTUAL INSTITUTE. 16 July 2005. 31 Mar. 2006 <http://www.buckminster.info/Index/V/Virus.htm>. "Pandemic Flu." PandemicFlu.Gov. 25 Apr. 2006. Department of Health and Human Services. <http://www.pandemicflu.gov/>. "Protein." Wikipedia. 22 Apr. 2006. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 31 Mar. 2006 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein>. Stevens, James, et al.. "Structure and Receptor Specificity of the Hemagglutinin From an H5N1 Influenza Virus." Science (Magazine). 21 Apr. 2006. Advancing Science, Serving Society. 10 May 2006 <http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/312/5772/404?maxtosho w=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=influenza&search id=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=date&re sourcetype=HWCIT>. "Virus." Wikipedia. 23 Apr. 2006. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 31 Mar. 2006 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viruses>. "WHO." World Health Organization. 10 May 2006. 10 May 2006 <http://www.who.int/en/>.

More Related