Situational Analysis

1. Situational Analysis Anti Corruption Survey Presentation Presented by K’adamawe K’nIfe OSE and YCWJ Dept of Management Studies UWI, Mona kahnknife@gmail.com OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

2. Content • Desk Review – Caribbean Situation • Case Analysis – Benchmarking perception of police performance in Jamaica. • Frequencies from Anti Corruption Questionnaire OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

3. Perception of Corruption OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

4. Percent of Population Victimized by Corruption OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

5. Section I – Jamaican Case Insights from JCF benchmarking perception of police performance OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

6. Methodology • Cross Tabulations • OLS Regression Analysis (sensitivity analysis) • Perception at National Level • Perception at Community Level • Perception/prevalence of crime in the society • Fear of becoming a victim of crime in the society • Confidence in the police • Trust in the police OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

7. Primary Objective • To unearth benchmark indicators on the Perception of Police Performance within Jamaica OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

8. Limitations of the Study • The data analysis is solely on perception of policing • Aspects of the data do not lend itself to regression analysis. • The data has no time component and as such the analysis is static at a point time. • Events like the one on Labour Day (Tivoli) could change people perception of the police and policing. OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

9. Perception – Country level – equation & Results OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

10. Perception – Community Level – Equation & Results OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

11. Confidence in Police - Equation Variables in this equation treated as dummy variables These variables are also tested at two levels – There is some amount of confidence & There is a great deal of confidence OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

12. Confidence in the police – equation and results OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

13. Trust in the Police – equation and results OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

14. General Conclusion • It is not about numbers - It is not about force - More about people relating to people – interaction with police – Trust and Confidence • More about support services and non police intervention post police intervention – who replaces the dons – Social Entrepreneurship? • Holistic approach – JCF, MNS, UWI, JBDC, Social Intervention agencies • Who leads depends upon the context – JCF sometimes – meaningful platform required for JCF interventions. • Media is central to the perception of police performance – JCF must have its own propaganda machinery OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

15. Section III - Frequencies from Anti Corruption Questionnaire Model Methodology limitations Assumptions Results Conclusions OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

16. Conceptual Model • Nc = ∑i1-n Ic + e – (Where Nc is National Corruption; Ic internal corruption and ‘e’ is the error term). • Therefore National corruption (macro) is assumed to be the summation of internal corruption (micro) with consideration for error which mean is assume to tend towards zero over time OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

17. Methodology • Questionnaire - to generate frequencies and cross tabulations relating to the model outlined above - 26 responses from 15 countries • National policy (NP) and National action (NA) – implying policy and action to support anti corruption at the national level – here taken to be at the Macro/State operations • Internal policy (IP) and Internal action (IA) – implying policy and action to support anti corruption activities at the Micro/JCF (Division ect) OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

18. limitations • Inconsistency in returning of questionnaires – Just in Time Approach • The critical limitation – gathered from a diverse set of countries each at different stages in their anti corruption efforts. As such the standard deviations will generally tend to be high. • Some questions were not answered resulting in missing data points which might skew the outcomes. OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

19. Assumptions • Where the NP >NA and/or IP > IA = PC (Potential Corruption) • Where NP < NA and/or IP < IA = IS (inadequate legislative support the state and/or internal level respectively) • Where NP > IP = IA (inadequate adaptation) • Where NP = NA and IP = IA (where ‘e’ = 0) this presents the best environment for minimizing corruption – might not be attainable – Desired Future . OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

20. List of countries – responses • Anguilla • Antigua and Barbuda • Barbados • Belize • Bermuda • British Virgin Islands • Cayman • Dominica • Grenada • Jamaica • Montserrat • St. Kitts and Nevis • St. Vincent and the Grenadines • Suriname • Turks and Caicos Trinidad and Tobago, Haiti & Guyana – no submission OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

21. National Policy and Action - outcomes OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

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23. Internal Policy and Action outcomes OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

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25. Cross Tabs – Country -NP and NA • National Policy - While Jamaica has a weak implementation of policies, it has very strong National Policies. • Caymanalso has very strong National policy with corresponding strong national and internal actions. • Hence from the data submitted Cayman has the most robust anti corruption dynamic, while Jamaica has be strongest National Policy structure. • National Action – Cayman has very strong National Action, this supports its strong internal action as well OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

26. Cross Tabs – Country - IP and IA • Internal Action - While Antigua Barbuda has strong internal policy however it has week internal action. • Additionally Cayman which has weak internal policy and a strong internal action. • Internal Policy across all countries - Jamaica and Antigua has very strong internal policy. OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

27. Results Note that NP > NA; IP > IA and NP > IP suggesting that there is scope for corruption at both levels OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

28. Conclusions • Good/Effective Governance is a precondition for strategic planning • A good policy poorly implemented gives the same outcome of a poor policy properly implemented – sub optimal outcome • Where there is asymmetric information – perception outweighs experience/victimisation • “Restoration of public safety and confidence • Boosting of the morale and confidence of JCF members and auxiliaries • Effective internal and external communication (JCF 2010” – CCN’s Role? OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

29. The Way Forward - Region • International best practice in the anti-corruption fight • Establish international, regional and national network anti-corruption intelligence & public education campaign • Establish and strengthen oversight bodies responsible for the detection, prevention, punishment and eradication of corruption • Constant vetting of recruitment and renewal of employment agreement – constant capacity building • Establish Integrity Commission • Polygraph testing for all government officials • Specialized training of public officials and members of the police force OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

30. Questions & Comments Implementation - Implementation - Implementation GiveThanks OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves