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2009 CPBIO Final Review

2009 CPBIO Final Review. BIO FINAL REVIEW: Part I. GENETICS- Meiosis and gametes, Medel , laws, dom / rec (HZD, HET, HZR), crosses (mono/ di ), incomplete and codom , GMO DNA- bases,, DNA transcription, RNA translation, Watson/Crick, Griffith, Avery, H/C

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2009 CPBIO Final Review

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  1. 2009 CPBIO Final Review

  2. BIO FINAL REVIEW: Part I • GENETICS- Meiosis and gametes, Medel, laws, dom/rec (HZD, HET, HZR), crosses (mono/di), incomplete and codom, GMO • DNA- bases,, DNA transcription, RNA translation, Watson/Crick, Griffith, Avery, H/C • HUMAN GENETICS- karyotype (auto v. x-linked), pedigree, blood type • EVOLUTION- Darwin, Adaptation, Natural selection, homologous, analogous and vestigial, • SYSTEMS- CNS/PNS (including; neuron, eye, ear, brain), immune, circulatory, respiratory • ECOLOGY- chains, webs, abiotic/biotic, biomes, cycles

  3. BIO FINAL REVIEW: cont. • CNS-brain/spine (neurons) PNS- eye/ear • Cardiovascular- resp/circ • Immunology- NK, T,B,M, thymus, marrow • Digestive system

  4. Mendel: Punnet Square His laws????

  5. Mendel’s (4) Principles: • Individual units called genes determine all organisms characteristics • For each gene, organism receives one allele from each parent (he called this segregation) • If org. inherits different alleles for same trait, dominant will be displayed • Independent assortment (i.e. 1 gene does not influence others)

  6. Co-Dominance = both phenotypes present in progeny X Phenotype 1 = Phenotype 2 Phenotype 3

  7. Incomplete Dominance = ‘new’ phenotype X Phenotype 1 = Phenotype 2 Phenotype 3

  8. Chromosome

  9. chromosome structure:(-tin, -tid, -some)

  10. purine pyrimidine

  11. Spindle fibers Nucleus Nuclear envelope Prophase I (early) (diploid) Prophase I (late) (diploid) Metaphase I (diploid) Anaphase I (diploid) Telophase I (diploid) What’s different? ? ? Quick Review: MEIOSIS I

  12. Four Non-identical haploid daughter cells Prophase II (haploid) Metaphase II (haploid) Anaphase II (haploid) Telophase II (haploid) Quick Review: MEIOSIS II

  13. karyotype

  14. pedigree

  15. Transcription/Translation

  16. GRIFFITH: organic molecules…..DNA?

  17. AVERY: DNA!

  18. HERSHEY CHASE: DNA for SURE!

  19. DARWIN’S 4 MAIN OBSERVATIONS: ALL ANIMALS: • 1) OVERPRODUCE: Improve chances of survival • 2) COMPETE with one another for resources • 3) VARIATIONS: or mutations, that may allow for better adaptation and chances of survival • 4) S.O.F. – Best adapted for given environment lives to reproduce and pass genes on

  20. Cornea Tough transparent outer layer Fluid chamber behind (aqueous) • Iris Disk of colored tissue (muscle) Pigment used to absorb/reflect light • Pupil Regulates amount of light entering the eye Attached to tiny muscles • Lens Flexible, transparent piece of protein Small muscles attached • Vitreous humor Jelly-like fluid, Transparent, Shape • Retina Rods (Contrast) and Cones (color) • Optic nerve Sends messages to brain (neurons)

  21. IMMUNE SYSTEM

  22. HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

  23. CARBON CYCLE

  24. NITROGEN CYCLE

  25. Density Dependent or Density Independent Factors?

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