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Today’s Objective: SOL 3.d

Today’s Objective: SOL 3.d. Given information and/or diagrams on cellular respiration, write and/or identify the cellular respiration equation, raw materials, products, and sites. Cellular Respiration. Energy for life’s activities. Overview of Cellular Respiration.

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Today’s Objective: SOL 3.d

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  1. Today’s Objective: SOL 3.d • Given information and/or diagrams on cellular respiration, write and/or identify the cellular respiration equation, raw materials, products, and sites.

  2. Cellular Respiration Energy for life’s activities

  3. Overview of Cellular Respiration • The life processes of all organisms require energy. • The potential energy held in the bonds of food molecules CANNOT be used directly by the cell. • Energy from food must be converted to the ONLY energy source that cells can use ATP!

  4. Cellular Respiration • Respiration is the process by which the energy in the bonds of nutrients are used to synthesize ATP. • Respiration occurs continuously in all cells of all organisms.

  5. Anaerobic Respiration • Also called fermentation • No oxygen is present • 1 Glucose only partially broken down to form waste products and 2 ATP

  6. Anaerobic Pathways • Glucose  2 lactic acid + 2 ATP • Happens in muscle cells when they run out of oxygen • Happens in bacteria that make yogurt, cheese, dill pickles • Glucose  2 ethanol + 2 CO2 + 2 ATP • Happens in some bacteria • Happens in YEAST

  7. Aerobic Respiration • Has to have oxygen • VERY EFFICIENT • Most organisms on earth are aerobic • 1 glucose completely broken down to carbon dioxide and water. • C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + E

  8. Aerobic Pathway • Takes place mostly in mitochondria • 3 primary steps: • Glycolysis in cytoplasm: produces pyruvate and 2 net ATP (anaerobic) • Kreb’s cycle in matrix of mitochondria: converts pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA (aerobic) • Electron transport chain on membrane of mitochondria: moves electrons to produce 34 ATP (aerobic)

  9. Comparing Aerobic & Anaerobic Cellular Respiration Pathways

  10. Adaptations for Respiration • Bacteria, protists & fungi • Respiratory gases are exchanged by diffusion • Plants • Respiratory gases are exchanged through leaves, stems, and roots • Moves in and out of cells by diffusion but leaves and stems also have openings to the environment (stomata and lenticels)

  11. Adaptations for Respiration in Animals • Techniques vary: • Simple diffusion across cell membranes • Diffusion across moist skin into a circulatory system • Openings to the environment that can be flapped open and closed with a circulatory system to transport gases • Specialized respiratory structures (e.g. lungs) to speed exchange of respiratory gases

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