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Insects

Insects. Characteristics and Orders. What You Should Know About Insects …. Taxonomy. Kingdom – Animalia Phylum – Arthropoda Class - Insecta. Arthropods. Include: spiders (Arachnids), ticks, scorpions, millipedes, crustacean s, horseshoe crab, centipedes and of course INSECTS.

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Insects

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  1. Insects Characteristics and Orders

  2. What You Should Know About Insects …

  3. Taxonomy • Kingdom – Animalia • Phylum – Arthropoda • Class - Insecta

  4. Arthropods Include: spiders (Arachnids), ticks, scorpions, millipedes, crustaceans, horseshoe crab, centipedes and of course INSECTS

  5. Insects Are Arthropods • Insects are the largest group of Arthropods - 900,000 different species • On the planet for 350,000,000 yrs • Jointed appendages (bendable) • Segmented bodies • Exoskeleton of Chitin that must be molted to grow

  6. All Insects Have… • Three body regions – head, thorax, and abdomen • One pair antenna (head) • Six legs or 3 pairs (thorax) • One-two pairs of wings (thorax)

  7. Head • 2 antennae (feel, hear and smell) 1,000 sensory cells • (One species of moth can smell one molecule EIGHT miles away) • 2 compound eyes - each has 30,000 lenses • 3 ocelli - simple eyes to sense light and dark • Special mouthparts - several specific designs

  8. Antenna FILIFORM • One Pair on head • Jointed • Sensory (smell) • Called “feelers” • Filiform most common shape (segments = size) • Come in many shapes

  9. Antenna Modifications- Draw a couple

  10. Mouth part types • Draw a sample of each • Chewing, sucking, piercing, lapping and sponging

  11. Chewing

  12. Youtube video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-nd8EWwy9E&feature=related

  13. Sucking

  14. Youtube video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qgcWRrbHi2E&feature=related

  15. Piercing

  16. Youtube Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zMgG5K0Yep4

  17. Lapping

  18. Youtube video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XzOi_bPXI38&feature=related

  19. Sponging

  20. Youtube video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5llTAwSVyeA

  21. Thorax • 3 pair of jointed legs covered in sensory hairs. They are more than 110x more sensitive than our tongues. • 2 pair of wings, if present

  22. Insect Legs • Examples: Digging, jumping, predatory and swimming

  23. Count the Legs! There are ALWAYS SIX legs, and they are attached to the THORAX

  24. Wings or No Wings • Most adults have 2 pairs • Some insects are wingless (silverfish, fleas, some termites and ants)

  25. More on Wings A network of Veins strengthens wings MEMBRANEOUS (clear) WINGS

  26. Some Wings Are Covered With Powdery Scales BUTTERFLIES & MOTHS

  27. Wings May Be Modified • Order Diptera (flies) • 2nd pair of wings modified into HALTERES • Used for balance • Makes flies hard to catch!

  28. Beetle Wings ELYTRA • Hard Forewing called Elytra • Meet in straight line down the abdomen • Membranous hindwingsfolded underneath (flight)

  29. Abdomen • Houses reproductive organs and digestive system

  30. Evolution of Insects

  31. 1. Oldest • All insects began as wingless • Less than 1 % of insects belong to this category • They go through incomplete metamorphosis SILVERFISH: THYSANURA

  32. Youtube: Silverfish • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJKl4yethrI

  33. 2. Development of Wings • They have wings, but they can not fold them = harder to escape predators • Still go through incomplete metamorphosis

  34. Youtube: Dragonfly • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ezq_JWd1Sd8&feature=related

  35. 3. Development of Flexing Wings • They have wings and can fold them. This allows them to go more places. • Incomplete metamorphosis Examples: Grasshopper, praying mantids

  36. Youtube: Mantid • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=urk-_Uh2vbg&feature=fvwrel

  37. 4. Complete Metamorphosis • Egg-larva-pupa- adult • 80% of insects • Completely different animal • Key factor to increasing diversity and survival • Taps two different food sources

  38. Youtube: Complete Metamorphosis • http://www.youtube.com/user/backyardbugs#p/u/54/wFfO7f8Vr9c • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zrDGh2DIRU&feature=related

  39. Why Study Insects? • 10 million insects for every human on Earth. • Over 90% of all animals are invertebrates

  40. Insects are helpful • Decompose waste • Control other insects- good ones eat bad • Pollination • Make products: silk and honey • Till soil

  41. Insects are harmful • Spread disease - yellow fever, rocky mountain fever • Destroy crops- 90 billion dollars worth of damage each year http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wxHOxCmbs-8 Locust attack- 10 billion left devastation miles wide and long

  42. CIRCLETHE INSECTS

  43. INSECT ORDERS INSECTS WITH WINGS

  44. Why Can’t I Call All of Them Bugs? • EVERY BUG is an insect, but NOT ALL INSECTS are bugs! • True BUGS are in the Order HEMIPTERA • Posterior thorax is triangular; called SCUTELLUM • Last 3rd of wing CLEAR

  45. Which of these are BUGS? ALL

  46. More Hemipterans Assassin Bug Water Boatman Giant Water Bug Leaf Hopper

  47. Coleoptera Called beetles Tough exoskeleton Forewings called Elytra Fly with membranous hindwings Larva called grubs Cucumber beetle Ladybird beetle Rhinoceros beetle

  48. Ephemeroptera • Called Mayflies • Juveniles are aquatic; called naiads • Adults found near water & don’t feed • Adults reproduce & die in 24 hours • Soft bodies with 2 long Ceri (tail fibers) ADULT NAIAD

  49. Diptera • Contains mosquitoes & flies • One pair functional wings • Club-shaped halteres for balance • Bodies often hairy Green Bottle fly Hover Fly Fruit Fly Aedes Mosquito

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