THE FORD AND CARTER YEARS

1. THE FORD AND CARTER YEARS CHAPTER 32, SECTION 3

2. QUIZ • 1. WHO SUCCEEDED RICHARD NIXON AS PRESIDENT? • 2. WHO WON THE 1976 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION? • 3. WHAT STATE WAS THE WINNER FROM? • 4. THE CAMP DAVID ACCORDS WAS A PEACE TREATY BETWEEN WHAT TWO NATIONS? • 5. WHAT NATIONWAS TAKEN OVER BY ISLAMIC MILITANTS IN 1979?

3. IMPORTANT TERMS • GERALD R. FORD • JIMMY CARTER • NATIONAL ENERGY ACT • HUMAN RIGHTS • CAMP DAVID ACCORDS • AYATOLLAH KHOMEINI

4. MAJOR DATES • 1974: • NIXON RESIGNS PRESIDENCY • GERALD FORD BECOMES PRESIDENT • 1975: • FALL OF SAIGON / VIETNAM WAR ENDS • THE MAYAGUEZ INCIDENT • 1976: JIMMY CARTER ELECTED PRESIDENT • 1977: U.S. AGREES TO RETURN PANAMA CANAL • 1979: • JAN. : IRANIAN REVOLTION; AYATOLLAH KHOMEINI SEIZES POWER • MARCH: • CAMP DAVID ACCORDS SIGNED • THREE-MILE ISLAND ACCIDENT • JUNE: S.A.L.T. II • DECEMBER: SOVIETS INVADE AFGHANISTAN • FEBRUARY, 1980: THE MIRACLE ON ICE

5. THE FORD YEARS • WHAT WAS THE BIGGEST PROBLEM GERALD FORD FACED WHEN HE BECAME PRESIDENT? • LACK OF TRUST TOWARDS U.S. GOV’T. • BY WHO? THE AMERICAN PUBLIC • WHY? • VIETNAM • WATERGATE • THE COUNTERCULTURE • ECONOMIC CRISIS (EX.: OPEC OIL EMBARGO) • WHAT SPECIFIC ECONOMIC PROBLEMS DID HE FACE? • INFLATION (11% IN 1974) • HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT (8.5% IN 1975) • ENERGY CONSUMPTION PROBLEMS (OIL DEPENDENCY)

6. GERALD FORD, 38th President of U.S.

7. GERALD FORD, U.of Michigan Football

9. THE FORD YEARS • OTHER ISSUES: • INTERNATIONAL PROBLEMS: • VIETNAM: NVA / VC WINNING THE WAR • CAMBODIA: KHMER ROUGE GENOCIDE (3 MIL. DEAD) • THE MAYAGUEZ INCIDENT • THE SOVIETS • NIXON’S LEGACY: FORD PARDONS NIXON • CAN HE DO THAT? • WHY DOES HE DO IT?

10. THE 1976 ELECTION • WHO RUNS? • REPUBLICANS: GERALD FORD, VP • DEMOCRATS: JIMMY CARTER, GOV. OF GEORGIA • KEY ISSUES: • UNEMPLOYEMNT • OTHER ECONOMIC PROBLEMS • INFLATION • ENERGY CONSUMPTION • FINAL RESULTS: CARTER WINS • CARTER: 41 MILLION • FORD: 40 MILLION

11. JIMMY CARTER, 39th President of U.S.

13. CARTER AND THE LATE-70’S • CARTER’S BACKGROUND: • FORMER GEORGIA GOVERNOR • INFORMAL STYLE • RELIED ON “OUTSIDERS” FOR ADVICE • DID NOT WANT TO LOSE TOUCH W/COMMON AMERICANS CITIZENS • DID NOT LIKE TO COMPROMISE OR MAKE DEALS • RESULT? CARTER OFTEN ALIENATED HIMSELF FROM CONGRESS, BOTH PARTIES

14. CARTER AND THE LATE-70’s • DOMESTIC ISSUES: • THE ENERGY CRISIS: TOO MUCH DEPENDENCE ON IMPORTED OIL • RESULT? NATIONAL ENERGY ACT • DID WHAT? • TAX ON GAS-GUZZLING CARS • REMOVED PRICE CONTROLS ON U.S. PRODUCED OIL / NATURAL GAS • $ FOR DEVELOPING ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES • DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CREATED • PROBLEM: • 1979: MID-EAST VIOLENCE = HIGHER OIL PRICES • INFLATION INCREASES: 7% TO 11%

15. CARTER AND THE LATE-70’s • PROBLEM: AMERICANS DON’T BELIEVE CARTER CAN SOLVE U.S. ECONOMIC PROBLEMS • EXAMPLES: • 1980: INFLATION = 14% • U.S. STANDARD OF LIVING DECLINES: 1st to 5th PLACE • CARTER DELIVERS “CRISIS OF CONFIDENCE” SPEECH • PROBLEM: • SPEECH ONLY MAKES AMERICANS FEEL WORSE • DAMAGES HIS IMAGE • 1980: CARTER’S APPROVAL RATING = 26% • WORSE APPROVAL RATING THAN NIXON IN 1974!

16. THE PANAMA CANAL

18. Panama Canal Lock System

19. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS • MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS: • 1979: U.S. – PANAMA AGREE ON PANAMA CANAL TREATY • U.S. WOULD RETURN CONTROL OF CANAL TO PANAMA IN 1999 • WHY? • GOOD / BAD IDEA? • 1979: S.A.L.T. II AGREEMENT • WHO? U.S. – SOVIETS • DID WHAT? LIMITED # OF WEAPONS EITHER SIDE COULD PRODUCE • PROBLEM: • SENATE OPPOSED TREATY • SOVIETS INVADE AFGAHANISTAN • TREATY DIES • 1979: SOVIETS INVADE AFGHANISTAN • WHY? • U.S. RESPONSE: U.S. BEGINS GIVING AID TO AFGHAN REBELS, CALLED MUJAHEDEEN • MUJAHEDEEN HAVE VOLUNTEERS FROM ALL OVER MUSLIM WORLD, INCLUDING ARABS • FIRST COMBAT EXPERIENCE FOR OSAMA BIN-LADEN AND “AL-QUEDA”

20. AFGHANISTAN AND SURROUNDING REGIONS

21. SOVIET INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN, 1979

22. Osama bin-Laden • Mujahedeen with “Stinger” missile

23. AFGHAN “MUJAHEDEEN”