Title Page

1. Integrating Concepts in Biology Title Page PowerPoint Slides for Chapter 18: Emergent Properties at the Organismal Level by A. Malcolm Campbell, Laurie J. Heyer, and Chris Paradise

2. Quaking Aspen Trees Opening Figure

3. Autograft and Allograft Differences Fig. 18.1

4. Test Skin Grafts and Pregnancy Fig. 18.2

5. Extended Grafting and Pregnancy Tests Fig. 18.3

6. T Cells Cause Rejection Fig. 18.4

7. MHC I Present Self Peptides Fig. 18.5

8. MHC I & Peptides Cause Rejection Fig. 18.6

9. T Cell Receptors Bind Presented Self Fig. 18.7

10. Table 18.1 Table 18.1

11. Maternal and Fetal Cell Interface Fig. 18.8

12. MHC IG Present on Fetal Cells Fig. 18.9

13. MHC IG Responsible for Tolerance Fig. 18.10

14. Interleukin-10 Suppresses T Cells Fig. 18.11

15. MHC IG Allele & Gene Structure Fig. 18.12

16. MHC IG Allele & Gene Structure Fig. 18.13

17. MHC IG Allele & Gene Structure Fig. 18.14

18. Table 18.2 Distribution of genetic markers in four representative fungal samples from a forest in Michigan. Each numbered sample was cultured to isolate the four haploid mating types (a, b, c, and d). RFLP and RAPD numbers are arbitrary designations for particular genetic loci, numbers in RFLP rows are arbitrary designations for alleles, and + or 0 indicates a RAPD fragment was present or absent, respectively. Table 18.2

19. Table 18.3 Table 18.3 Estimates of growth and size of large A. gallica individual fungus.

20. MHC IG Allele & Gene Structure Fig. 18.15

21. MHC IG Allele & Gene Structure Fig. 18.16

22. Table 18.4 Table 18.4 Genetic analysis of quaking aspen stand in Utah. Sample size was 209.

23. MHC IG Allele & Gene Structure Fig. 18.17

24. MHC IG Allele & Gene Structure Fig. 18.18

25. MHC IG Allele & Gene Structure Fig. 18.19

26. MHC IG Allele & Gene Structure Fig. 18.20

27. Table 18.5 Table 18.5 A sampling of expressions in animals studied by Charles Darwin, to which he ascribed various emotions, some of which are shown.

28. MHC IG Allele & Gene Structure Fig. 18.21

29. MHC IG Allele & Gene Structure Fig. 18.22

30. Table 18.6 Table 18.6 Results from experiments investigating adrenalin in cats.

31. MHC IG Allele & Gene Structure Fig. 18.23

32. Aging Is Universal Fig. 18.24

33. Interactions Affect Fecundity and Mortality Fig. 18.25

34. Humans Exhibit Programmed Senescence Fig. 18.26

35. Testing Disposable Soma Theory Fig. 18.27

36. Table 18.7 Table 18.7 Comparison of island and mainland opossum traits. A p-value of <0.05 indicates significant differences in the two populations.

37. Ethics for End of Life Issues Fig. ELSI 18.1

38. Table 18.8 Table 18.8 Comparison of physical traits for Drosophila fruit flies subjected to high or low adult mortality. Total refers to the average value for each trait using the total population indicated by n.

39. Disposable Soma Theory in Plants Fig. 18.28

40. Biological Source of Senescence Fig. 18.29

41. Aging and Senescence in Bacteria Fig. 18.30a newest poles

42. Aging and Senescence in Bacteria Fig. 18.30b & c b) c)

43. Table 18.9 Table 18.9 Gene activity for E. coli cells placed in fresh media after a couple hours (young cells) or 16 days (old cells) of stationary phase existence.

44. Oxidative Damage and Aging Fig. 18.31 a) b) c)

45. Table 18.10 Table 18.10 Proposed molecular events that can contribute to physical aging and senescence