Rapporteur’s Summary

1. Rapporteur’s Summary • Overall goal: Move the sector forward • Good , diverse discussion from panel and audience • But also identified a clear need for an accessible base of reliable information and experience • Examples of what’s working … and why • What drives the key players? Motivations and incentives • Users – cost, quality, reliability • Critical distinction between current users and those not served • (Users don’t care whether service provider is public or private as long as address key criteria) • Public funders – public benefits, political benefits • In competition with our sectors – need to articulate impact and cost effectiveness in order to compete • (Keep regulatory function separate!) • Private funders – get money back

2. Rapporteur’s Summary - 2 • ‘Static’ perspective: Where are you? Where do you want to go? • Analysis – Need clear data on costs, coverage, etc. to start the discussion • Very rare • Decision-making • Separate economic and social analysis and decisions • Increased transparency of costs brings benefits • ‘Dynamic’ perspective: How are you going to get there? • Break the vicious cycle of inter-related problems • Success of virtuous cycle (e.g., Senegal) • Increase tariffs + improve service reliability + decrease losses • Need this ‘multiple instrument’ approach because of inter-related problems • Opportunities specific to wat-san mean this can be done • Willingness and ability of poor users to pay • Efficiency gains • Tricks of the trade that make a real difference • Improve service quality first, then raise tariffs • Groups of households as single customer (Manila Water approach) • Success attracts private funding

3. Rapporteur’s Summary - 3 • Other points • Treat water and sanitation differently • Consider an autonomous regulator to reduce political challenges • Government needs to take strong leadership in order to coordinate donor contributions