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The Eukaryotic Cell is clearly developed from Prokaryotic cell

Explore the evolution of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic origins, focusing on mitochondria and chloroplasts, with comparisons of their DNA, ribosomes, division, and functions. Delve into the similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, highlighting their structure, genetic material, organelles, and metabolism. Learn about the Kingdom Protista, including plant-like protists such as euglenophytes, dinoflagellates, and diatoms.

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The Eukaryotic Cell is clearly developed from Prokaryotic cell

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  1. The Eukaryotic Cell is clearly developed from Prokaryotic cell • Mitochondrion • and • Chloroplast • have similar evolutionary origin. Both are descendants of a prokaryotic cell. • Own DNA-naked and circular • Own ribosomes, proteins, and transport systems • Divide on their own • Double membrane • Independent or dependent?

  2. The Eukaryotic Cell is clearly developed from Prokaryotic cell • Similar in appearance. • Both functions in the aerobic part of aerobic cellular respiration (vs. anaerobic)

  3. How did biologists solve the puzzle? • Comparisons of SSU-rRNA from mitochondria and plastids indicate that the closest relatives of mitochondria are the alpha proteobacteria group, and that cyanobacteria are the closest relatives of plastids.

  4. Eukaryotic Diversity • Eukaryotes probably evolved when O2 revolution started

  5. In depth Comparison Between a Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Eukaryotic 10-100 um 2 um

  6. Similarities of Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cell • They both have DNA as their genetic material. • They are both membrane bound. • They both have ribosomes . • They have similar basic metabolism . • They are both amazingly diverse in forms.

  7. Differences of Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cell Prokaryotic Eukaryotic (10x bigger) • Nucleoid region which is not membrane-bound • The DNA of prokaryotes floats freely around the cell • Less specialized organelles • Less DNA content • Isoprene and peptidoglycan cell wall • With nucleus and mem brane-bound organelles • The DNA of eukaryotes is held within its nucleus. • Highly specialized organelles • Extensive DNA content • Chitinous, cellolusic cell wall or none.

  8. The Kingdom Protista- Protists are eukaryotes that are not members of the kingdoms Plantae, Animalia, and Fungi

  9. Plant-like Protists • Chlorophyll and accessory pigments allow to harvest and use the energy from sunlight • Euglenophytes (Euglenophyta) are plant-like protists that have two flagella but no cell wall • About half of dinoflagellates (Pyrrophyta) are photosynthetic; the other half live as heterotrophs • Members of the phylum Chrysophyta are a diverse group of plant-like protists that have gold-colored chloroplasts • Diatoms produce thin, delicate cell walls rich in silicon (Si)—the main ingredient in glass

  10. Euglena

  11. Pyrodinium

  12. Ceratium

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