IFLA’s Conceptual Models and RDA presented by Pat Riva

1. IFLA’s Conceptual Models and RDA presented by Pat Riva

2. Outline • What are FRBR and FRAD • FRBR and FRAD within RDA • Users and User tasks • Entities / Attributes • Relationships • Introduction to FRSAD • FRBR Review Group projects

3. FRBR • Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records • IFLA Cataloguing Section study group 1992-1997 • Published 1998

4. FRAD • Functional Requirements for Authority Data • IFLA Division of Bibliographic Control working group 1999-2009 • Published June 2009

5. FRBR and FRADMethodology • Entity-relationship (E-R) models • Define entities • List their attributes • Identify the relationships between the entities • Map to user tasks

6. FRBR/FRAD within RDA • FRBR and FRAD concepts and terminology are integrated into the basic structure of RDA • RDA's organization: • Recording Attributes (of the 11 bibliographic entities) • Recording Relationships (by groups of entities) • FRBR and FRAD User tasks pervasive

7. Information workers who create, maintain and use authority data directly End-users who interact with authority data (directly or indirectly) Users in FRBR and FRAD • End-users of information retrieval systems • Information workers assisting users • Information workers maintaining databases

8. FRBR User Tasks • Find resources that correspond to the search criteria • Identify a resource as being the one sought • Select an appropriate resource • Obtain access to the resource described

9. FRAD User Tasks • Find entities corresponding to stated criteria, or explore the universe of bibliographic entities • Identify an entity as being the one sought, or to validate the form of name to be used for a controlled access point • Contextualize (clarify) • Justify (understand)

10. FRAD User Task: Contextualize • Place a person, corporate body, work, etc. in context • clarify the relationship between two or more persons, corporate bodies, works, etc. • clarify the relationship between a person, corporate body, etc., and a name by which that person, corporate body, etc., is known

11. FRAD User Task: Justify • Document the authority data creator’s reason for choosing the name or form of name on which a controlled access point is based In other words: • To understand why a particular name or title, or form of name or title, has been chosen as the preferred name or title for the entity

12. Groups of Entities in FRBR • Group 1: Products of intellectual or artistic endeavor • Group 2: Responsible for group 1 entities • Group 3: Subjects of works

13. Group 1 Entities • Focus of bibliographic records • 2 abstract entities reflect content • work • expression • 2 concrete entities reflect form/carrier • manifestation • item

14. Definition: Item • A single exemplar of a manifestation • Concrete, usually physical, thing held in library collections • A “copy” of a publication, may be made up of multiple parts (volumes in a set)

15. Definition: Manifestation • The physical embodiment of an expression of a work • The set of all items bearing the same characteristics, both physical form and content • Either a published edition, or a single unpublished item

16. Definition: Expression • The intellectual or artistic realization of a work • The specific form a work takes when realized • Specific sequence of words in a textual work, of notes in a musical work, etc.

17. Definition: Work • A distinct intellectual or artistic creation • Abstraction of the commonality of content of its various expressions • Does not correspond to any single physical thing

18. I have lost my book. We should order that book. I'd like to read that book in English. That movie is based on my favourite book. What is a “book”? • Item • Manifestation • Expression • Work

19. Group 1 Entities WORK realized through EXPRESSION embodied in MANIFESTATION exemplified by ITEM

20. L'avare Play 1668 Attributes: Work • Title • Form • Date And also: • Other distinguishing characteristic • Medium, designation, key of music

21. The miser Text 1987 English Attributes: Expression • Title • Form (media type) • Date • Language And others specific to types of content

22. The miser : a comedy a new translation by Albert Bermel New York, NY Applause Theatre Book Publishers 1987 Printed book 126 pages 19 cm ISBN 0936839759 Attributes: Manifestation • Title • Responsibility • Place of publication • Publisher • Date • Form of carrier • Extent • Dimensions • Identifier

23. PQ1825 E5 1987b Purchase None Attributes: Item • Identifier • Provenance • Annotations / Inscriptions And also: • Exhibit history • Condition • Access restrictions

24. Group 2 Entities • Person • Family (added by FRAD) • Corporate Body

25. Definition: Person • An individual or a persona established or adopted by an individual or group (FRAD) • A bibliographic person, may not be a real individual • Consider joint pseudonyms, multiple pseudonyms used by one real person

26. Definition: Family • Two or more persons related by birth, marriage, adoption, civil union, or similar legal status, or who otherwise present themselves as a family • New to library cataloguing rules • From ISAAR(CPF), archival description

27. Definition: Corporate Body • An organization or group of persons and/or organizations identified by a particular name acting as a unit • Must be named • Includes meetings, congresses • Includes governments

28. Attributes: Person • Dates (birth, death, activity) • Title (Duke, Sir, Prof., Dr.) • Gender • Place (birth, death, residence) • Language • Field of activity • Other information elements (Saint, Jr.)

29. Attributes: Family • Type of family (clan, dynasty) • Dates associated • Place (residence, association) • Field of activity • History of family

30. Attributes: Corporate Body • Place (located in, held in) • Dates (when held, when active) • Language • Address • Field of activity • History • Other information (legal status, qualifiers)

31. Group 2 Entities PERSON FAMILY CORPORATE BODY responsible for group 1 entities: work expression manifestation item

32. Example: A library Applause Theatre Book Publishers Albert Bermel Molière Group 2 Primary Relationships Levels of responsibility: • Item <is owned by> • Manifestation <is produced by> • Expression <is realized by> • Work <is created by>

33. Group 3 Entities Serve as subjects of works • Concept (an abstract notion or idea) • Object (a material thing) • Event (an action or occurrence) • Place (a location)

34. Group 3 Entities CONCEPT OBJECT EVENT PLACE + group 1 and 2 entities subject relationships to group 1 entity: WORK

35. Group 3 Entities within RDA • For first release, only entity Place • Only jurisdictions • Placeholder chapters for Concept, Object, Event • (except named events acting as corporate bodies) • Placeholders for subject relationships

36. FRAD Entities • Name • Identifier • Controlled access point • Rules • Agency

37. Definition: Name • A character or group of words and/or characters by which an entity is known in the real world • The basic name or term itself • As found in the “real” world

38. Definition: Identifier • A number, code, word, phrase, logo, device, etc. that is associated with an entity, and serves to differentiate that entity from other entities within the domain in which the identifier is assigned • Not only bibliographic identifiers

39. Definition: Controlled Access Point • A name, term, code, etc., under which a bibliographic or authority record or reference will be found • Includes established / authorized / preferred forms of names • and variant forms of names (references)

40. Basic FRAD Model BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTITIES known by NAMES and / or IDENTIFIERS basis for CONTROLLED ACCESS POINTS

41. Definition: Rules • A set of instructions relating to the formulation and/or recording of controlled access points (authorized forms, variant forms or references, etc.) • Includes cataloguing rules and interpretations • Includes coding conventions

42. Definition: Agency • An organization responsible for creating or modifying a controlled access point • and for the application and interpretation of the rules it creates and/or uses

43. FRAD Entities within RDA • RDA about authority data, not records • Separation between a Name (or Identifier) and a Controlled Access Point based on it • Recording of attributes whether needed to construct an access point or not • Both preferred and variant forms of names -- Controlled Access Points

44. Relationships in the Catalogue • Provide structure • Collocation • Enables the user tasks Find and Identify • Allow navigation

45. Types of Bibliographic Relationships • Equivalence • Derivative • Descriptive • Whole-part • Accompanying • Sequential • Shared characteristic

46. Bibliographic Relationships • Between Group 1 entities • work-to-work (e.g. supplements, adaptations, whole/part) • expressions (e.g. revisions, translations) • manifestations (e.g. reproductions, alternate formats)

47. Authority Relationships • Between different Persons, Families, Corporate Bodies, and Works • Between the various Names of Persons, Families, Corporate Bodies, and Works • Between different Controlled Access Points for the same entity

48. FRSAD • Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data • IFLA Classification and Indexing Section working group 2005- • June 2009, first draft for world-wide review • May 2010 revised draft under discussion • This talk based on May 2010 draft

49. FRSAD and RDA • FRSAD isn't directly related to RDA • A very high-level (general) model • Applies to both classification and subject access through controlled vocabulary • FRBR group 3 only one implementation

50. Users in FRSAD • Information professionals who create and maintain subject authority data and metadata • Anyone who searches for information as an intermediary • End-users of information retrieval systems