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Modal verbs. Rules They are followed by a verb in the base form I can run very fast They are the same for all the pronouns She / they /I/ you could make it better They do not need auxiliars . They take direct negative and qestion forms
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Modal verbs • Rules • They are followedby a verb in the base form • I canrunveryfast • They are thesameforallthepronouns • She/they/I/ youcouldmakeitbetter • They do notneedauxiliars. Theytakedirectnegative and qestionforms • Youcan’tsmokehere / Canyourepeatthat? • Theynever combine withanother modal verbs • Youcan’tmustread**
SHOULD AND MUST • Mustisusedtotalkaboutstrongobligations and prohibitions. They are usuallyrelatedwithlaws and rules. • I mustgonow , I startworking in five minutes • Youmustweara helmetto drive a motorbike • He mustn’tdrinkalcohol, he isunderage Shouldisusedforadvices and recommendations Youshouldreadbooks in Englishifyouwanttoimproveyourvocabulary Sheshouldn’tsmokebecausesheisalwayscoughing Whereshouldwegonextsummer? STRUCTURE SUBJECT + SHOULD/MUST+ BASE FORM OF THE VERB (withoutto) SUBJECT + SHOULDN’T/MUSTN’T + BASE FORM OF THE VERB SHOULD/MUST + SUBJECT + BASE FORM?
HAVE TO / DON’T HAVE TO • Don’thaveto– somethingwhichisnotnecessary • I don’thavetogotoschooltoday, it’s Friday • Youdon’thavetoweara longdresstogototheparty • He doesn’thavetobuyme a present, itisnotnecessay Haveto– somethingyouneedto do following a rule Youhavetocleanyourroomeverydayifyouwantto use thecomputer Mysisterhastoeatsomechocolate beforegoingtobed Wheredowehavetobuythe tickets fortheconcert? STRUCTURE SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS TO + BASE FORM OF THE VERB (withoutto) SUBJECT + DON’T /DOESN’T HAVE + BASE FORM OF THE VERB DO/DOES + SUBJECT + HAVE +BASE FORM?
MUST AND HAVE TO I muststudytonight / I havetostudytonight (sometimesitdepends ontheintention of the speaker, orwhat he considersimportant, anobligation) • I havetofind a jobbecause I needtopaytherent • Shedoesn’thavetocookbecausesheisnotgoingtoeat a home
http://www.eslgamesplus.com/must-cant-modal-moonshot/ • http://s.mound.free.fr/skyblues67/modals/mustn%27t.htm (whatmustn’tyou do at school?) • http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/musthaveto/exercise7.swf (mustn’t and don’thaveto) • http://www.ejerciciodeingles.com/ejercicios-verbos-modales-must-have-to-expresar-obligacion-rellenar-huecos/ (must and haveto) • http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/musthaveto/exercise7.html (must and haveto) • http://www.better-english.com/easier/must2.htm
Other modal verbs • Can • Could • Needto • Needn’t • Oughtto • May / Might