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Famine. Result of persistent agricultural failure Bad Weather Civil disruption characterised by large excess loss of life social disruption economic chaos. SOME THOUGHTS. Case study: Ethiopia. Long history of cultural conflict religious differences economic hegemony
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Famine • Result of persistent agricultural failure • Bad Weather • Civil disruption • characterised by • large excess loss of life • social disruption • economic chaos
Case study: Ethiopia • Long history of cultural conflict • religious differences • economic hegemony • fuelled by soviet and U.S. interventionist policies
Ethiopia: 1983-84 • North East Ethiopia and Eritrea • Poor or malicious governance? • Tax levies 1983 (Raising cash for weapons from worst hit areas) • Mobilisation of international support
Ethiopia: 1999-2000 • 1984 onwards - huge institutional investment • Famine hits southern and eastern Ethiopia • What went wrong? • Early Warning system not fully functioning. • Malnutrition already widespread. • Food reserve not well stocked. • War and resulting donor reluctance.
Prevention • The famines that didn’t happen • The Horn of Africa – Food Aid(1990-1991) • Gujarat, India – Public Works (1987) • Challenges • Institutional corruption • Process failure • Aids epidemic • Famine prevention integrated with development work • Famine vs Mass starvation
Band aid, Comic Relief Media exploitation and compassion fatigue? Perceptions of famine