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Early Puritanism

CHURCH HISTORY II Lesson 11. Early Puritanism. An historical introduction to English Non-Conformity to 1625. Agenda. Identity and Definitions Historical Overview Lessons we can learn. Identity and Definitions. Who were the Puritans?. English preachers who wanted to reform church life

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Early Puritanism

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  1. CHURCH HISTORY IILesson 11 Early Puritanism An historical introduction to English Non-Conformity to 1625

  2. Agenda • Identity and Definitions • Historical Overview • Lessons we can learn

  3. Identity and Definitions

  4. Who were the Puritans? English preachers who wanted to reform church life further than the episcopal establishment would allow in the 16th and 17th centuries

  5. What’s in a name? • “Puritan” = Cathari • Lumped with Donatists, Montanists, Novatians, Cathari, Anabaptists • Also called “Precisians” • Puritans came to accept the name “Puritan” • Proper name would be English Dissenters or Non-Conformists

  6. Historical Overview

  7. Edward VI Mary Elizabeth James I Charles I Historical Overview • Preparing the Soil (1376-1555) • Emergence (1555-1565) • The Spread of Dissent (1565-1577) • Full-blown Persecution (1577-1595) • A Lull in the Battle (1595-1604) • Renewed Persecution (1604-1610) • Polarization of a nation (1610-1625) 1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1620 1630

  8. Preparing the SoilSlide 1/2 • Wycliffe & the Lollards • Proto-puritan forerunners: • William Tyndale (1531) • John Frith (1533) • William Turner & John Bale (1543) • Miles Coverdale (1548) • John Bradford (1550) • John Hooper (1550) ………………………………………

  9. Preparing the SoilSlide 2/2 The First Vestments Controversy(1550-1551) John Hooper vs Bp. Nicholas Ridley

  10. Edward VI Mary Elizabeth James I Charles I Historical Overview • Preparing the Soil (1376-1555) • Emergence (1555-1565) • The Spread of Dissent (1565-1577) • Full-blown Persecution (1577-1595) • A Lull in the Battle (1595-1604) • Renewed Persecution (1604-1610) • Polarization of a nation (1610-1625) 1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1620 1630

  11. From Geneva To Geneva EmergenceSlide 1/6 The Troubles at Frankfort (1555) John Knox Knox’s Form of Prayers Richard Cox’s Party Calvin on the 1552 Prayer Book: it contains “Many foolish, tolerable things” 1552 Book of Common Prayer Whittingham & others ? Liturgy of Compromise

  12. EmergenceSlide 2/6 Geneva (1556-1560) • First Reformed service in English • Heavy influence from Calvin • Geneva Bible

  13. EmergenceSlide 3/6 Return to England (1558-1560) • Act of Uniformity (1559) • Queen’s Injunctions • Holy Days • Clerical celibacy • Habits / square caps • Collegiate choirs • Some ministers scruple the habits • Conforming ministers (Coxians) elevated to bishops

  14. EmergenceSlide 4/6 Elizabethan Settlement (1562) • Petitions to Parliament to remove: • Vestments • Kneeling • Private baptism / cross in baptism • Collegiate Choirs & Organs • Holy days • 1552 Book of Common Prayer confirmed • Thirty-nine Articles

  15. EmergenceSlide 5/6 Suppression of Dissent (1564) • Secretary Cecil’s report to the queen • Bishops cave in and break promise • Sampson & Humphreys* • Interaction with Reformed leaders • Non-conforming ministers deprived

  16. EmergenceSlide 6/6 Summary • Puritanism arose from four ingredients: • Dissent over ceremonies • Left out of positions of authority • Failed to gain concessions from majority party • Pressured to conform against their conscience

  17. Edward VI Mary Elizabeth James I Charles I Historical Overview • Preparing the Soil (1376-1555) • Emergence (1555-1565) • The Spread of Dissent (1565-1577) • Full-blown Persecution (1577-1595) • A Lull in the Battle (1595-1604) • Renewed Persecution (1604-1610) • Polarization of a nation (1610-1625) 1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1620 1630

  18. The Spread of DissentSlide 1/2 Regulative Principle of Worship: In the worship service, it is unlawful to do anything except what God has prescribed in His Word, excepting only minor matters of public order. Separationists, Independents, Baptists, Strict Puritans • Cambridge dissent (1565) • Puritan pamphleteers* • First separationists • “Plumber’s Hall” congregation • Richard Fitz’ “Privye Church” • Field, Wilcox and Cartwright (1572) • Admonition to the Parliament • Many conform after Reformed letters published [in-between position] Every church is free to adopt practices in its worship service without specific warrant from God’s Word if they are moderate, edifying and reasonable applications of general biblical principles and serve to enhance, rather than detract from, those practices that God has commanded. Reformed, Moderate Puritans Excursus: The Regulative Principle of Worship “the pure vnmingled and sincere worshippinge of God, accordinge to his blessed and glorious worde in al things, onely abolishinge and abhorringe all tradicions and inuentions of man…” “We hold nothing that is not warranted by the word of God… we will be tried by the best reformed churches” Anglicans, Lutherans Normative Principle of Worship: Every church is free to adopt practices in its worship service without warrant from God’s Word as long as their practices are not contrary to the Word of God, nor thought of as necessary for true worship.

  19. The Spread of DissentSlide 2/2 Summary • Puritan sentiments spread rapidly • The people in the cities largely sided with them • The Puritans: • Most remained faithful to Anglicanism • Many began promoting Presbyterianism • A few broke off and became Separationists

  20. Edward VI Mary Elizabeth James I Charles I Historical Overview • Preparing the Soil (1376-1555) • Emergence (1555-1565) • The Spread of Dissent (1565-1577) • Full-blown Persecution (1577-1595) • A Lull in the Battle (1595-1604) • Renewed Persecution (1604-1610) • Polarization of a nation (1610-1625) 1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1620 1630

  21. Full-blown PersecutionSlide 1/1 • AB Grindal imprisoned for defending Puritans* (1577) • AB Whitgift sets up High Commission* (1583) • “Martin Mar-prelate” tracts (1588-1589) • Brownists / Barrowists • Robert Brown: Reformation without tarrying for any (1582) • Barrowe, Greenwood and Penry hanged (1593) • Brownists flee to Holland

  22. Edward VI Mary Elizabeth James I Charles I Historical Overview • Preparing the Soil (1376-1555) • Emergence (1555-1565) • The Spread of Dissent (1565-1577) • Full-blown Persecution (1577-1595) • A Lull in the Battle (1595-1604) • Renewed Persecution (1604-1610) • Polarization of a nation (1610-1625) 1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1620 1630

  23. A Lull in the BattleSlide 1/1 • Parliament backs off • Richard Hooker’s Ecclestiastical Policy (1597) • Ascession of King James (1603) • Millenary Petition (1603) • Hampton Conference (1604)*

  24. Edward VI Mary Elizabeth James I Charles I Historical Overview • Preparing the Soil (1376-1555) • Emergence (1555-1565) • The Spread of Dissent (1565-1577) • Full-blown Persecution (1577-1595) • A Lull in the Battle (1595-1604) • Renewed Persecution (1604-1610) • Polarization of a nation (1610-1625) 1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1620 1630

  25. Renewed PersecutionSlide 1/2 • Book of Canons (1604)* • AB Bancroft renews High Commission (1604)* • Puritans defend themselves in pamphlets • Loyalty to king emphasized • Small groups of Puritans flee to Holland, Virginia • Parliament defends Puritans and is dissolved (1610)

  26. Renewed PersecutionSlide 2/2 Fracturing of the Separationists • Brownists excommunicate each other • John Smith becomes first Baptist • Gathers church in Leydon, Holland • Embraces Arminianism • Eventually merge with the Mennonites • John Robinson becomes first Independent • Leaves Brownism under influence from Dr. William Ames • Intra-Puritan debate over separation

  27. Edward VI Mary Elizabeth James I Charles I Historical Overview • Preparing the Soil (1376-1555) • Emergence (1555-1565) • The Spread of Dissent (1565-1577) • Full-blown Persecution (1577-1595) • A Lull in the Battle (1595-1604) • Renewed Persecution (1604-1610) • Polarization of a nation (1610-1625) 1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1620 1630

  28. Polarization of a NationSlide 1/2 • Dr. Abbot becomes archbishop • King James Bible published (1611) • Separationists return to England • Baptists: Thomas Helwys* (1612) • Independents: Henry Jacob (1616) • Declaration of Sports (1618) • Part of John Robinson’s congregation leaves Holland for New England (1620)

  29. Polarization of a NationSlide 2/2 Three Alarming Trends • The growth of Arminianism • The growth of Roman Catholicism • Growing tensions between the king and parliament

  30. Historical Overview Summary • Puritans pressed to violate their consciences over ceremonies • Pressure increases dissent and drives them further away • Begin to splinter into various groups that disagreed among themselves • Suffered severe persecution while maintaining loyalty to the state • Became staunch defenders of Calvinism • Eventually found most of the nation politically on their side against the growing threat of Catholicism.

  31. Lessons we can learn

  32. Lessons we can learnSlide 1/3 Lesson #1 • GOOD: Supremacy of the Word of God in all matters (all) • BAD: Naïve to think that the Bible gives us a complete order of worship and church government (most)

  33. Lessons we can learnSlide 2/3 Lesson #2 • GOOD: Conscientious about the protecting the gospel (all) • BAD: Made too much out of insignificant matters over which many were willing to leave the ministry over (many) and some to quarrel among themselves and divide (Separatists)

  34. Lessons we can learnSlide 3/3 Lesson #3 • GOOD: Serious about church discipline (all) • BAD: Often too ready to excommunicate and disfellowship over minor matters (Separatists)

  35. The End

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