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Proteins

Proteins. AICE Biology. Amino Acids. 20 essential amino acids Monomers of proteins. Amino Acids are made of:. -Central carbon -Carboxyl group (-COOH) -Amino group (-NH 2 ) -variable R group. Side Chain-Functional Group-R. Neutral and hydrophobic: Alanine (Ala); Leucine (Leu)

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Proteins

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  1. Proteins AICE Biology

  2. Amino Acids • 20 essential amino acids • Monomers of proteins

  3. Amino Acids are made of: -Central carbon -Carboxyl group (-COOH) -Amino group (-NH2) -variable R group

  4. Side Chain-Functional Group-R • Neutral and hydrophobic: Alanine (Ala); Leucine (Leu) • Neutral and polar: Cysteine (Cys), Glycine (Gly) • Acidic: Aspartic Acid (Asp) • Basic: Arginine (Arg)

  5. You Try It… • Using p. 94 in Soper as a reference, write down the structural formula of the tripeptide formed by Ala, Gly, and Ser joined together in that order.

  6. Bonds Used in Protein Structure • Peptide Bond: • Condensation removes water to form a dipeptide • Ends?

  7. R Groups… 2. Ionic Bond • pH dependent • Acid groups: - • Basic groups: +

  8. 3. Disulfide Bond

  9. Disulfide Continued • Cysteine only • Strong bond -within chain -between chains

  10. 4. Hydrogen Bonding • In –OH or NH2 -H becomes positive -N or O become negative • Attraction along entire length of chain

  11. 5. Hydrophobic • Nonpolar R groups stick together • Fold to exclude water

  12. Protein Confirmation • Primary • Secondary • Tertiary • Quaternary ….Denatured (disruption in the conformation)

  13. Jigsaw 1. Select a conformational level. 2. Define the level. 3. Explain the role of bonding in the level. 4. Give an illustration or example.

  14. Fibrous -Secondary structure most important -Insoluble in water -Physically tough -Long, parallel polypeptides cross-linked Globular -Tertiary structure -Soluble -Tightly folded polypeptide chains to form spherical shape Classification by Structure

  15. Your Turn • Based on function, identify the following proteins as globular or fibrous: 1. collagen 6. keratin 2. Insulin 7. collagen (tendons, bones) 3. myosin (in muscle) 4. silk 5. enzymes

  16. Homework: • Learn one function in living things of the following inorganic ions: • Calcium 6. Nitrate • Sodium 7. Phosphate • Potassium • Magnesium • Chloride

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