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Synthesis and Application of High Molecular Weight Surfactants

Synthesis and Application of High Molecular Weight Surfactants. Surfactants Bringing Chemical IOR TO THE NEXT GENERATION. 104 th AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo April 28 – May 1, 2013, Montreal Canada. Presentation Outline. Special requirements for CEOR surfactants

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Synthesis and Application of High Molecular Weight Surfactants

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  1. Synthesis and Application of High Molecular Weight Surfactants • Surfactants Bringing Chemical IOR • TO THE NEXT GENERATION 104th AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo April 28 – May 1, 2013, Montreal Canada

  2. Presentation Outline • Special requirements for CEOR surfactants • Limitations of some CEOR surfactants • Fatty acid derived CEOR surfactants • Internal olefin ether sulfonates • Alkylaryl ether carboxylates • Ether amine sulfonates • Other commercial applications

  3. Chemical EOR • ASP, SP, Low Surfactant Added Water Flood, Foam, etc. • Single surfactant component – no co-surfactant, no-co-solvent, no salinity optimization, etc. Injection fluid Injection Pump Producing well Oil Injection well Compatibility with the reservoir conditions and the other additives in the injection fluid Minimal phase trapping, Chromatographic separation Low IFT, Low adsorption ThermoStability

  4. Examples of High Molecular Weight Anionic Surfactants for CEOR • Tri-styrylphenol ether sulfates • Guerbet alcohol ether sulfates • Guerbet alcohol ether carboxylates • Extended chain ether sulfates • Polypropoxylated alcohol ether sulfates • Internal and alpha olefin sulfonates

  5. Limitations of Some CEOR Surfactants * on sandstone

  6. Difficult Brine Situations Low Salinity (0-1000 ppm TDS) High Salinity (100,000 + ppm TDS) Highly hydrophilic and remains in the water phase before partitioning between the oil and water. Short chain hydrophobe Higher levels of EO • Highly hydrophobic but still remains in the water phase before partitioning between oil and water. • Long chain hydrophobe • Low or no EO

  7. Difficult Brine Situations

  8. Fatty acid derived CEOR surfactants

  9. Design Concepts • Extended chain surfactants employing polypropylene oxide (Witthayapanyanon, Acosta, Salager, and many others • Guerbet type branched structures (Weerasoorlya, Aoudia, Wade, O’Lenick, et. al.) • HLD Concept (Salager, Acosta, Hammond, et al.) • Sulfonates for thermal stability • Renewable resources wherever possible

  10. Surfactants Based on Unsaturated Fatty Acids & Alcohols

  11. Surfactants Based on Unsaturated Fatty Acids & Alcohols

  12. Internal olefin ether sulfonates

  13. Internal Olefin Ether Sulfonate Alcohol Ether Sulfonate IOS

  14. Internal Olefin Ether Sulfonate Alcohol Ether Sulfonate IOS Guerbet Structure on the oil/water interface to minimize the adsorption

  15. Internal Olefin Ether Sulfonate Alcohol Ether Sulfonate IOS • Advantages • Combine IOS and Alcohol ether sulfonate into one • structure. Eliminate chromatographic separation • High temperature stable • High salinity tolerant • Hydophobe can be easily altered based on the • reservoir properties • Save off-shore storage space • Can be used for ASP or SP • Green renewable resources raw material • Low adsorption onto sandstone reservoir • Can be manufactured as high active low viscosity 65-85 • wt% liquids Guerbet Structure on the oil/water interface to minimize the adsorption

  16. Thermal Stability 1100 MW Internal Olefin Ether Sulfonate Activity @ 90⁰C 0.1% Surfactant in Sea Water

  17. Why Blends of Surfactants are not Recommended? Internal Olefin Sulfonates (IOS) SULFATES ARE UNSTABLE AT HIGHER TEMP AND IN PRESENCE OF Ca/Mg EXCEPT OVER A NARROW pH RANGE Alcohol Ether Sulfate Chromatography separation

  18. Comparison of IOS and IOES

  19. Alkylaryl Ether Sulfonates

  20. Ether Sulfonates from Unsaturated Fatty Alcohols

  21. Ether Sulfonates from Phenols Sulfonation with SO3

  22. Ether Sulfonates from Phenols Sulfonation with olefin sulfonic acid

  23. Ether Sulfonates from Phenols Twin-Tailed Sulfonates • Partially derived from renewable resources • Thermally stable • Electrolyte tolerant • Low adsorption

  24. Ether Amine Sulfonates

  25. Ether Amine Sulfonates

  26. Potential Commercial Applications

  27. Potential Commercial Applications

  28. Summary • There exists an increasing demand for high volumes of surfactants to meet the unique requirements for CEOR. • Several new surfactant types have been developed to provide large volumes of first intent surfactants that can tolerate high temperatures and high salinities. • Surfactants for very low salinities are difficult to design because they require high molecular weights that still remain water soluble. • Natural feedstocks can be used to wholly or partially replace petroleum feedstocks. • Single surfactant systems are preferred over blends.

  29. Thank You! The information contained in this presentation is to the best of our knowledge the most current and accurate. No warranties expressed or implied are made by Oil Chem Technologies, Inc. with respect to the information set forth herein.

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