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Astronomy Unit 2: Stars and Galaxies

Astronomy Unit 2: Stars and Galaxies. What is the relationship between the milky way, our solar system, the universe and Earth ?. Our Place in the Universe. Stars and Galaxies Astronomy Unit 2. Vocabulary. universe : everything that exists in space, including all matter and energy

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Astronomy Unit 2: Stars and Galaxies

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  1. Astronomy Unit 2:Stars and Galaxies • What is the relationship between the milky way, our solar system, the universe and Earth ?

  2. Our Place in the Universe

  3. Stars and Galaxies Astronomy Unit 2

  4. Vocabulary • universe: everything that exists in space, including all matter and energy • galaxy: a large group of stars, space dust, and gases held together by gravity • Milky Way: the galaxy in which the Sun is located • star: a massive ball of hot gases that emits its own light • Sun: the medium-sized star in the center of the system of objects in space that includes Earth • nebula: a cloud of space dust that can clump together to form a star; the plural of nebula is nebulae (Star Nursery or Stellar Nursery) • Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram: a diagram that displays the relationship between a star’s surface temperature and its magnitude, or brightness • luminosity: a measure of the energy released each second from the surface of a star (Brightness)

  5. “Earthrise” 1968 Earthrise is the name given to a photograph of the Earth taken by astronaut William Anders in 1968 during the Apollo 8 mission. It has been called "the most influential environmental photograph ever taken."

  6. Our Solar System • Which planet do you find interesting?

  7. Space School Video Relative Size of Planets Planet Comparrison 2012 Venus Transit http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYVKcDvokiM Partial Solar Eclipse

  8. The Milky Way Galaxy The Milky Way Galaxy Viewer This picture, which combines infrared images taken by two different telescopes, shows 1 billion of the Milky Way galaxy's stars all at once.CREDIT: Mike Read (WFAU), UKIDSS/GPS and VVVView full size image • 100,000 light years in diameter • Our sun orbits the center of the galaxy once every 240 million years • A Barred spiral galaxy • Contains over 200 billion stars • It is our home galaxy

  9. What is at the center of the milky way?

  10. Galactic Center of the Milky Way • Super massive black hole at the center Simulated view of a black hole in front of the Large Magellanic Cloud.CREDIT: Alain R. | Wikimedia Commons  How can you see a black hole?

  11. Black Hole • A black hole is a place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light can not get out. • The gravity is so strong because matter has been squeezed into a tiny space. • This can happen when a star is dying.  An artist's drawing shows a large black hole pulling gas away from a nearby star. Image Credit: NASA E/PO, Sonoma State University, AuroreSimonnet

  12. Types of Galaxies • Galaxy: A large group of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity.

  13. Elliptical Galaxies: Most common type of galaxy; large three-dimensional football shaped galaxies. -Contain mostly older and dimmer stars. Elliptical Galaxies

  14. Spiral Galaxies: Circular galaxies that have arms curve outward from a central hub. Contain a super massive black hole at the center The Milky Way is a Spiral Galaxy Spiral Galaxies

  15. Spiral Galaxies: Circular galaxies that have arms curve outward from a central hub. Spiral Galaxies • Barred spiral galaxies: Have two spiral arms extending out.

  16. Irregular Galaxies: Come in many different shapes and are smaller and less common than elliptical or spiral galaxies. Irregular Galaxies

  17. Light year

  18. Lightyears In space, light travels at a speed of nearly 300,000 kilometers per second, or almost 9.5 trillion kilometers per year. A light year is thus equal to about 9.5 trillion kilometers. How far is the Moon from the Earth ? 1.3 light seconds. How far is the Earth from the Sun ? 500 light seconds or 8 light minutes. light year: a unit of length equal to the distance that light travels in one year

  19. Lightyears • When you measure distances on Earth, you typically use units such as meters or kilometers. The distance to most stars, however, is so large that these units are not practical. Instead, scientists use a unit called a light year to measure distances in space. One light year is the distance that light travels in one year. In space, light travels at a speed of nearly 300,000 kilometers per second, or almost 9.5 trillion kilometers per year. A light year is thus equal to about 9.5 trillion kilometers. • After our Sun, the nearest star to Earth is Proxima Centauri. This star is a little more than 4.2 light years (40 trillion kilometers) away. The distance to a star or galaxy in light years is equal to the number of years needed for the light from that object to reach an observer on Earth. Light from Proxima Centauri takes a little more than 4.2 years to reach Earth. If you observe this star tonight, you would see Proxima Centauri as it looked 4.2 years ago. You will not see what this star looks like at this very moment until 4.2 years from now.

  20. Lightyears Lightyears What does a light year measure? How many kilometers in a lightyear? How far is the Moon from the Earth ?  How far is the Earth from the Sun ?  How far is the Earth from the next nearest star, Proxima Centauri? What does a light year measure? How many kilometers in a lightyear? How far is the Moon from the Earth ?  How far is the Earth from the Sun ?  How far is the Earth from the next nearest star, Proxima Centauri? Lightyears Lightyears What does a light year measure? How many kilometers in a lightyear? How far is the Moon from the Earth ?  How far is the Earth from the Sun ?  How far is the Earth from the next nearest star, Proxima Centauri? What does a light year measure? How many kilometers in a lightyear? How far is the Moon from the Earth ?  How far is the Earth from the Sun ?  How far is the Earth from the next nearest star, Proxima Centauri?

  21. Units of Distance

  22. Scale of the Universe • The Scale of the Universe • The Scale of the Universe Video • http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/

  23. Stars

  24. Stars star: a massive ball of hot gases that emits its own light

  25. Our Galaxy: The Milky Way Galaxy Our Sun and The Earth

  26. The Sun is our closest Star • Sun: the medium-sized star in the center of the system of objects in space that includes Earth

  27. Our _________ is a ________________-sized star near the edge of a ___________ galaxy named ____________________. Our Sun is many thousands of times closer to Earth than any other star. Our _________ is a ________________-sized star near the edge of a ___________ galaxy named ____________________. Our Sun is many thousands of times closer to Earth than any other star. Our _________ is a ________________-sized star near the edge of a ___________ galaxy named ____________________. Our Sun is many thousands of times closer to Earth than any other star. Our _________ is a ________________-sized star near the edge of a ___________ galaxy named ____________________. Our Sun is many thousands of times closer to Earth than any other star.

  28. Anatomy of the Sun Video About the Sun Hubble http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mcBV-cXVWFw

  29. Lifecycle of Star

  30. Lives of Stars Video

  31. Hertzprung Russell Diagram

  32. Nebula – Stellar Nursery Horsehead Nebula nebula: a cloud of space dust that can clump together to form a star; the plural of nebula is nebulae Video about Pillars of Creation Space Cats Pillars of Creation in the Eagle Nebula

  33. Average Star and Massive Stars

  34. Red Giant

  35. White Dwarf

  36. Red Super giant

  37. Supernova • Supernova BLAST FROM THE PAST: Type IIn supernovae are believed to represent the collapse of massive stars surrounded by dense shrouds. Eta Carinae in the Milky Way is shown for illustration; it is a massive star (or pair of stars) surrounded by a nebula of material it cast off in the past.

  38. Neutron Stars A very small dense star that is composed mostly of tightly-packed neutrons (neutronium). The Crab Nebula

  39. Lives of Stars Video

  40. Life Cycle Stars Massive Star Main Sequence Star Our Sun is medium sized main sequence star

  41. Life Cycle of Stars

  42. Hertzsprung – Russell Diagram Brighter Hotter

  43. Hertzsprung – Russell Diagram • Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram is used to classify stars

  44. _____________ - ____________ Diagram _____________ - ____________ Diagram _____________ - ____________ Diagram _____________ - ____________ Diagram

  45. ___________- _________ Diagram ___________- _________ Diagram ___________- _________ Diagram ___________- _________ Diagram

  46. Glue Nows

  47. _____________________________________Diagram Used to classify stars Star Type #1 Star Type #2 Do Now!!!! Star Type #3 Star Type #4

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