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L23B: Sociolinguistics 2005-2006

L23B: Sociolinguistics 2005-2006. Please Turn off all cellular phones & pagers. L23B Website: www.mona.uwi.edu/dllp/courses/l23 b. Topics for this Session. Communication as a social activity Components of Communication Ethnography of Communication Readings: Downes,Hymes, Gumperz(PT)

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L23B: Sociolinguistics 2005-2006

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  1. L23B: Sociolinguistics 2005-2006 Please Turn off all cellular phones & pagers L23B Website: www.mona.uwi.edu/dllp/courses/l23b

  2. Topics for this Session • Communication as a social activity • Components of Communication • Ethnography of Communication Readings: Downes,Hymes, Gumperz(PT) Also relevant sections from Wardhaugh & Holmes

  3. ACQUISITION OF LANGUAGE • WHEN TO SPEAK • WHEN NOT TO SPEAK • WHERE TO SPEAK • TO WHOM • WHAT TO TALK ABOUT • IN WHAT MANNER

  4. COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE “underlying systems of knowledge and skill required for communication”

  5. Components of Communication • Linguistic Knowledge • Interaction Skills • Cultural Knowledge

  6. Linguistic Knowledge • verbal elements • non-verbal elements • patterning of elements • range of possible variants • meaning of variants

  7. Interaction Skills • selection of forms • interpretation of forms • discourse organization and processes • norms of interaction and interpretation • strategies for achieving goals

  8. Cultural Knowledge • social structure • values and attitudes e.g. Mary: He cheated on me! John: My father died yesterday.

  9. Dell Hymes: Social Units essential to communication • Speech Situations • Speech Events • Speech Acts

  10. Speech Situation contexts of language use such as ceremonies, fights, hunts, lovemaking

  11. Speech Events(main text – chapter 10: speech events) defined by a unified set of components through out: same purpose of communication same topic same participants same language variety (generally)

  12. Speech Acts(Wardhaugh, chapter 12);Searle & Austin “group of utterances with a single interactional function” e.g. request, command, a greeting,

  13. Speech Situation: at the UWI bus stop • Speech event (asking the time) Speaker A: What is the time?(speech act 1) Speaker B: It’s 1 o’clock(speech act 2) Speaker A: Thanks(speech act 3)

  14. Speech Situation: at the bus stop • Speech Event (asking the time) Speaker A: Can you tell me the time?(speech act 1) Speaker B: Yes! (speech act 2)

  15. Ethnography of Communication Hymes (1974): • components of communicative events • relations among components • the capacity and state of components • the activity of the whole

  16. Hymes ‘SPEAKING’ • S – refers to Setting and scene • P – refers to Participants • E – refers to Ends (outcomes) • A – refers to Act sequence • K – refers to Key (tone, manner) • I – refers to Instrumentalities(channel) • N –refers to Norms of interaction and interpretation • G – refers to Genre –

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