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Interactions Among Living Things: Competition, Predation, and Symbiosis

Explore how organisms interact with each other and their environment through competition for resources, predation, and symbiotic relationships. Learn about adaptations that help organisms survive and thrive in their specific conditions.

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Interactions Among Living Things: Competition, Predation, and Symbiosis

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  1. Warm Up • From last week’s activity – How could the disappearance of wolves from the ecosystem affect the population of other species? • Video clip

  2. Warm Up 1. How do these organisms interact with each other?

  3. Warm Up 2. How do these organisms interact with each other?

  4. Warm Up 3. How do these organisms interact with each other?

  5. Types of Interactions Among Living Things

  6. Interactions with the Environment • Most living things produce more offspring than will survive. This is known as overproduction. • So why are we not overrun with frogs or fish?

  7. Limiting Factors • Organisms interact with the biotic & abiotic factors in their environment. • Populations cannot grow without stopping. • Limiting factor – a resource that is so scarce that it limits the size of a population. • Limits on the amount of: (examples) • Food • Water • Living space • Other resources

  8. Carrying Capacity • Carrying capacity – the largest population that an environment can support. • When a population grows larger than its carrying capacity, limiting factorsin the environment cause individuals to die off or leave, returning the population to a size that the environment can support.

  9. Interactions Among Organisms Competition Predation Symbiosis

  10. Adaptations • Every organism has a variety of adaptations (characteristics) that are suited to its specific conditions which help the organism to survive. • The adaptations can also assist them in their interactions with other organisms.

  11. 1. Competition • Competition – when two or more individuals or populations try to use the same resources. • Compete for: • Food, water, shelter, space, sunlight • Adaptations enable organisms to reduce competition.

  12. Competition in a Population • Example: • The elks in Yellowstone National Park are herbivores that compete with each other for food plants in the park.

  13. Competition in a Community • Example: • Competition also happens between different populations (within a community). • Different species of plants compete with each other for sunlight and space.

  14. 2. Predation Video clip: predator-prey • An interaction in which one organism hunts and kills another organism for food is called predation. • Predator • the hunter • Prey • the hunted

  15. Predator Adaptations • Helps them catch & kill their prey • Speed • Stingers, toxins, sharp teeth • Camouflage • Night vision

  16. Prey Adaptations • Also known as “defense strategies” to avoid predation: • Camouflage • Protective coverings • Warning coloring • Defensive chemicals • Mimicry • False coloring

  17. Prey blend in to their environment to avoid being eaten by predators. Camouflage

  18. Protective Coverings Hedgehog

  19. Warning Coloring Bright colors warn predators that the prey may be poisonous and to stay away!

  20. Some animals defend themselves with chemicals. Defensive Chemicals

  21. The ability some animals have to resemble another animal so closely that they can fool either their prey or their predators. Mimicry Monarch Coral Snake Viceroy King Snake

  22. False Coloring Used to trick predators

  23. With your table group… • Describe the 2 relationships among living things we discussed yesterday…

  24. 3. Symbiosis • Symbiosis is a close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species. • 3 types: • Mutualism • Commensalism • Parasitism

  25. Mutualism • A relationship in which both species benefit • Positive • Ex: • clownfish & sea anemone

  26. Commensalism • A relationship in which one species benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed • Neutral • Ex: • gray whale covered in barnacles

  27. Parasitism • Involves one organism living on or inside another organism and harming it! • Negative • Parasite – the organism that benefits • Host – the organism that is harmed • Ex: • Tapeworms

  28. “Who You Callin’ Ugly?” • Do you think it is beneficial for each of these organisms to look they way they do? Why or why not?

  29. “Who You Callin’ Ugly?” • What is an adaptation? • Read the article • Complete the following chart as a group:

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