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Fungi

Fungi. ~. Fungi . Eukaryotic Heterotrophs Many are saprophytes (organisms that obtain nutrients from decaying matter) Some are parasites Some are symbionts (live associated with another organism).

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Fungi

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  1. Fungi ~

  2. Fungi • Eukaryotic Heterotrophs • Many are saprophytes (organisms that obtain nutrients from decaying matter) • Some are parasites • Some are symbionts (live associated with another organism)

  3. Fungi do not ingest their food They release digestive enzymes (exoenzymes) which break down organic molecules into simple molecules • This makes fungi important in nature: decomposers!

  4. Saprophyte - Decomposer

  5. Fungi • Body of typical fungi:Tiny filaments (Hyphae) tangled in a thick mass called a Mycelium

  6. Typical mushroom • Labeled mushroom

  7. “Dangerous” Hyphae!

  8. In many, they are divided by cross walls into cells containing more than one nuclei • Cell walls are made of chitin (carbohydrate/protein)

  9. Reproduction • Most fungi reproduce both asexually and sexually • Asexually – spores produced in structures called sporangia • Sexually – (occurs underground) • Two different mating types (+ and -) • When hyphae of opposite mating types meet, they hyphae fuse but the nuclei do not – results in dikaryotic mycelium • Fruiting body is extension of dikaryotic mycelium

  10. Alternation of Generations

  11. Many fungi produce dry, almost weightless spores that are easily scattered by the wind

  12. Mushroom Life Cycle

  13. Budding (Asexual Reproduction)

  14. Ecological significance • Principle role is to decompose and recycle living material • Fungi are found in almost every environment! • Mushrooms develop from mycelium located just below the ground

  15. Parasitic

  16. Symbiotic Relationships • Mutualism • Lichens • • symbiotic association held in a hyphae mesh • •alga provides food, fungus provides physical environment • •pioneer organisms • •air pollution detection • Mycorrhizae • •root and fungi mutualism • •found in 95% of vascular plants •exchange of organic minerals •increases absorptive surface of roots

  17. Lichen – Algae and Fungi

  18. Parasitism • Ringworm MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Ringworm, tinea corporis on an infant's leg • Athlete's Foot

  19. Plant Diseases caused by Fungi

  20. Fungi and Human Life • Baking, brewing, winemaking (Yeast) • Roquefort and Blue cheeses • Penicillin – antibiotic made from common fruit mold • Mushrooms, Truffles

  21. Fairy Ring • Fairy rings develop when nutrients are depleted in middle

  22. Phylum Oomycota

  23. Phylum Zygomycota – terrestrial molds

  24. Phylum Ascomycota – sac fungi

  25. Ascomycota – Life Cycle

  26. Basidiomycota – club fungi – bracket fungi

  27. Basidiomycota – club fungi – mushroom, puff balls

  28. Phylum Deuteromycota – imperfect fungi

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