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Why do I want to do research... ... and what types of research are there ASNEMGE YIM Course Vienna 18-04-2008

Target group of this presentation. the PhD student to be, clinical or non-clinical the ones, who want to try research the ones, who are obliged to do research with preference: the curious, who want to do it well from the beginning. Why do I want to do research?. I need the Nobel Prize to b

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Why do I want to do research... ... and what types of research are there ASNEMGE YIM Course Vienna 18-04-2008

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    1. Why do I want to do research... ... and what types of research are there? ASNEMGE YIM Course Vienna 18-04-2008 Prof Reinhold W. Stockbrugger Emeritus Professor Gastroenterology, University Maastricht/NL Contract Professor, University Ferrara/I Editor Eur J Gastroenterology & Hepatology/UK reinholdstockbrugger@gmail.com

    2. Target group of this presentation the PhD student to be, clinical or non-clinical the ones, who want to try research the ones, who are obliged to do research with preference: the curious, who want to do it well from the beginning

    3. Why do I want to do research? I need the Nobel Prize to buy a red Ferrari My teachers inspired me I want to do something for mankind I cannot get a clinical training job without doing some research for my boss Mama has done it I always wanted to know why … I am shy, I hate patients

    4. … and what types of research are there?

    5. Types of Research in Gastroenterology and Hepatology (1) The in vitro experiment is Coca Cola more bactericidal at 37 C than at 2 C? do probiotics influence the normal faecal flora?

    6. Types of Research in Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2) The animal experiment Are rats more sensitive to bowel distension (after xylitol ingestion) when kept awake unnaturally long? closer to man, but still far from man only necessary when the question cannot be answered by in vitro or human studies

    7. Types of Research in Gastroenterology and Hepatology (3) Human studies observational (descriptive) studies (Crohn) b. epidemiological studies (Crohn again) c. interventional studies (Crohn, indeed!)

    8. Types of Research in Gastroenterology and Hepatology (3a) Human studies, observational physiology how much abdominal gas pre- and post-prandially? pathophysiology in IBS, more gas pre- and postprandially? more than in normals? (comparatative) clinical description is the gas production different in D-IBS, C-IBS, and A-IBS?

    9. Types of Research in Gastroenterology and Hepatology (3b1) Human studies, epidemiological field observations small differences discovered by large numbers (aspirine and colorectal cancer) aetio-pathogenesis risk factor detection (obesity and colorectal cancer) (deduction) (environmental, genetic; population-based)

    10. Types of Research in Gastroenterology and Hepatology (3b2) Human studies, epidemiological retrospective (nested cohort studies) prospective

    11. Types of Research in Gastroenterology and Hepatology (3c) Human studies, interventional (inductive) Nutritional, pharmacological, surgical, psychological, social Pilot or “proof of concept” vs. “controlled” Various types of controls

    12. Types of Research in Gastroenterology and Hepatology (4) literature studies general, frequently leading to review articles good at the start of a research meta-analysis, a research method on its own; good at the end of a research period (Cochrane)

    13. What type of research shall you choose? (1) It will depend on: your character and background the career you plan the rules in the institution or faculty your boss chance The Swedish forests; the girl from Genova

    14. What type of research shall I choose? (2) A logical example: a review of a problem an epidemiological study several intervention studies a meta-analysis in one of your intervention areas

    15. Teacher, laboratory, institute Nowadays you cannot research on your own (certainly not in the beginning!) Read everything from your potential teachers; see them, listen to them at meetings, try to meet them (and some staff) at their institution; meet some (future?) fellows look at the general standard of the institute the first research project may become the decisive step in your professional career!

    16. My research: is it worthwile? You might invest your time, money, pleasure, marriage, alternative career: thus consider the importance of your research plan for yourself and for the rest of the world! If you have decided for research, avoid: duplication ethical conflicts issues of marginal impact for patients and health (Is the honey of the Company A better for “general health” than the honey of Company B?) however, dare to test the “crazy” hypothesis if you can find some intellectual (and economc) support! Believe in surrendipity!

    17. Please help me! I believe that the increasing prevalence of obesity is responsible for the increasing incidence of IBS in the Western world. Please, design study proposals apt to test (or contest) this null hypothesis

    18. Types of Research in Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2) The prospective intervention study (does laparoscopic cholecystectomy give more hepato-biliary complication than conventional approach?) (is low-molecular heparin useful in moderately active ulcerative colitis?) The search for scientific evidence (overview, review, meta-analysis)

    19. My research: is it worthwile? You might invest your time, money, pleasure, marriage, alternative career: thus consider the importance of your research plan for yourself and for the rest of the world! If you have decided for research, avoid: duplication ethical conflicts issues of marginal impact for patients and health however, dare to test the “crazy” hypothesis if you can find some intellectual support!YIM – What type of research is for you?

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