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World History II SOL Review

World History II SOL Review . Independence Movements – World Today. Independence in Africa - Overview. Negritude Movement – a movement to celebrate African culture, heritage, and values Right to self-determination (U.N. charter) Peaceful and violent revolutions after World War II

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World History II SOL Review

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  1. World History IISOL Review Independence Movements – World Today

  2. Independence in Africa - Overview • Negritude Movement – a movement to celebrate African culture, heritage, and values • Right to self-determination (U.N. charter) • Peaceful and violent revolutions after World War II • Resentment toward imperial rule and economic exploitation

  3. Kenya • Bloody – British settlers owned prime farmland in the highlands of Kenya and resisted independence for Kenya • Leader – Jomo Kenyatta

  4. Ghana • West Africa – peaceful transition • Originally called Gold Coast under the British

  5. Algeria • War for independence from France

  6. South Africa • Struggle against apartheid • Led by Nelson Mandela, who became the first black president of South Africa

  7. Religious Conflict – Palestine vs. Israel • Both Palestinians and Israelis want the same land • Creation of Israel in 1948 led to many conflicts between Israel and countries in the Middle East (Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, etc…) • 1993 – creation of a Palestinian state (Gaza Strip and West Bank)

  8. Religious Conflict – Ireland and Northern Ireland • Protestants vs. Catholics • IRA (Irish Republican Army) – wants a united Ireland (Northern Ireland – part of Great Britain) • Today – not an issue

  9. Religious Conflict - Balkans • 1990s – Slovenia and Croatia separate from Yugoslavia • Serbian-led Yugoslav army invaded both Croatia and Slovenia – became free from Serbian rule • February 1992 – Bosnia Herzegovina declared independence • April 1992 – Serbia and Montenegro formed a new Yugoslavia • While Bosnian Muslims and Croats supported independence, Bosnian Serbs did not

  10. Religious Conflict - Balkans • Supported by Serbia, Bosnian Serbs launched a brutal war in 1992 (ethnically cleanse Bosnia Herzegovina of all Muslims)

  11. India • Leader – Gandhi • Role of civil disobedience and passive resistance (boycotts and Salt March) • Hindu-Muslim conflict • 1947 partition – India (Hindus) and Pakistan (Muslims)

  12. Pakistan • Was created based on a religious issue and divided into two territories (East and West) • Conflict between East and West (linguistic, religious, and regional issues)

  13. Bangladesh • 1971 – East Pakistan declared its independence • East Pakistan became Bangladesh

  14. China • Division of China into two nations at the end of the Chinese civil war • Chiang Kai-shek – nationalist China (Taiwan) • Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong) – Communist China (mainland China) • Continuing conflict

  15. Developed Nations • North America and Europe • Economic stability - prosperous • High literacy rates (most people can read and write) • Health care (most people have access to health care) • Low birth rate/lowinfant mortality rate • Population growth - slow

  16. Developing Nations • Africa and Asia • Economic Conditions – Poverty • Low literacy rate • Health care (diseases) • High birth rate/high infant mortality rate • Growing population – rapid

  17. Impact of New Technologies • Widespread but unequal access to computers and instantaneous communications • Genetic engineering and bioethics

  18. Factors Affecting Environment and Society • Economic development (pollution) • Rapid population growth (strain on natural resources)

  19. Environmental Challenges • Pollution • Loss of habitat (places to live) • Global climate change

  20. Social Challenges • Poverty • Poor health • Illiteracy • Famine • Migration

  21. Economic Interdependence • Role of rapid transportation, communication, and computer networks • Rise and influence of multinational corporations • Changing role of international boundaries • Regional integration (European Union – tariff-free trade among European nations)

  22. Economic Interdependence • Trade Agreements – North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) – tariff-free trade between U.S., Canada, and Mexico and World Trade Organization (WTO) – monitors trade among nations • International Organizations – United Nations + International Monetary Fund (IMF) – offers emergency funds to countries in crisis

  23. Refugees • Refugees as an issue in international conflicts (ex. Palestinian-Israeli conflict forced a lot of Palestinians into Jordan) – people who are forced to leave their homelands because of war, poverty, political problems, and environmental disasters

  24. Migrant Workers • People who leave their homeland to work elsewhere (Ex. Central and South Americans coming to the United States) – guest workers

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