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Attention and Consciousness: Understanding the Neural Correlates

This lecture explores the topics of attention and consciousness in human neuropsychology. It covers the definition of attention and consciousness, neurophysiological evidence of attention, functional imaging studies, networks of attention, inattentional blindness, change blindness, and the variations of consciousness across lifespan and day.

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Attention and Consciousness: Understanding the Neural Correlates

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  1. Notes: 1. Extra Credit – Assignment 5 Due December 10 2. Last exam December 10 Announcement and instructions on Class communication page 3. Spatial Abilities test

  2. “Attention and Consciousness” . Human Neuropsychology (486 / 686) Lecture Chapter 22 2

  3. Defining Attention and Consciousness • Attention - Selective awareness of a part of the environment - problems • Consciousness – Global awareness - levels of awareness

  4. Attention • Automatic Processing - Bottom-up - doesn’t require attention • Conscious Processing • - Top-down • - “controlled, effortful, attentive”

  5. Treisman’s Model of Feature Search

  6. Neurophysiological Evidence of Attention • Effect of attention on neuronal activation

  7. Neurophysiological Evidence of Attention • Divided Attention – Attention is a limited capacity that must be allocated • Selective Attention – Increased attention can change neuron response properties i.e. orientation tuning, firing rate

  8. Neurophysiological Evidence of Attention • Parallel processing - • Crossmodal - • - Divided attention recruits frontal cortex

  9. Functional Imaging Studies • fMRI • PET

  10. Networks of Attention • Two Attentional Systems • Posterior: • Parietal regions – Engage, Disengage and move attention from one location • Temporal Regions - Detection of features and objects • Anterior: • Frontal Lobes – activate posterior attentional systems.

  11. Inattention • InattentionalBlindness – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0AwwlJtnwA8 • Change Blindness http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vBPG_OBgTWg&feature=related http://www.psych.ubc.ca/~rensink/flicker/download/ http://www.cogsci.uci.edu/~ddhoff/cb.html • Attentional Blink http://www.cs.kent.ac.uk/people/rpg/pc52/AB_Webscript/blink.html

  12. Consciousness • Varies across the lifespan and varies across the day • Evolutionarily Adaptive • Collection of processes - Arousal, Perception, Attention, Working Memory • Neural Correlates - Binding Problem • Cortical connections • Reentry and integration • Neural Synchronization

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