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Particle Physics, CERN and the LHC

Particle Physics, CERN and the LHC. Louis Lyons Imperial College and Oxford CMS and CDF experiments l.lyons@physics.ox.ac.uk Rehovot, Feb 2011. Topics. What is Particle Physics? (video) How do we find out about it? CERN (video)

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Particle Physics, CERN and the LHC

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  1. Particle Physics, CERN and the LHC Louis Lyons Imperial College and Oxford CMS and CDF experiments l.lyons@physics.ox.ac.uk Rehovot, Feb 2011

  2. Topics • What is Particle Physics? (video) • How do we find out about it? • CERN (video) • LHC (videos) • What do we hope to learn? Plenty of time for questions (during and after)

  3. What is Particle Physics? Search for ultimate constituents of matter Ancient tradition What constitutes acceptable theory? “Number of fundamental entities at most A F E W ” Early ideas due to Greeks

  4. What is Particle Physics? Search for ultimate constituents of matter Ancient tradition What constitutes acceptable theory? “Number of fundamental entities at most A ir F ire E arth W ater ”

  5. How many? Greeks’ AFEW 4 Dalton’s atoms ~20  120 e and p 2 and n, π, μ, Ω… >1000 “Elementary” particles Quark model 3  35 Future substructure? 1?

  6. How big? Human ~1 metre Reduction factor = 100,000 Dust ~10-5 metres Atom ~10-10 metres Nucleus ~10-15 metres Quarks < 10-18 metres Mass of proton = 1 GeV neutrino < 2 eV top = 175 GeV

  7. Forces of nature • Gravity (mediated by Gravitons, ) • Electromagnetism (Photons, γ ) • Nuclear strong force (Gluons, g) • Nuclear weak force (Int Vect Bosons, W Z) and the Higgs boson

  8. Elementary particles: Force carriers: photon, W and Z, gluons, graviton Higgs for the masses LEPTONS: e μτ and neutrinos Composite particles: HADRONS: Made from qqq or q q e.g. proton = uud, π+ = u d

  9. In the LHC tunnel

  10. ATLAS Detector at LHC 45 metres long, 25 m high. 3000 physicists from 40 countries

  11. CDF at Fermilab

  12. Simulated SUSY event in ATLAS Jet Muons Jet Missing ET

  13. http://dl.dropbox.com/u/12721037/Intro_320x240-try2.avi • http://dl.dropbox.com/u/12721037/Intro_320x240-try2.mp4 • http://www.youtube.com/user/TheATLASExperiment#p/u/23/XCq1LalDDZ0 • http://www.disclose.tv/action/viewvideo/7030/Large_Hadron_Collider_LHC_RAP_Song/ LHC Rap Song • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmwlzwGMMwc Tom Lehrer’s Periodic Table • http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/thu-april-30-2009/large-hadron-collider Daily show

  14. What do we hope to learn? * Does the Higgs boson exist? Mass and other properties * Is there any other exciting New Physics? Super-Symmetry (SUSY) Substructure of quarks, leptons…… 4th generation Extra Dimensions  Real surprise .* Understanding of Early Universe

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