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Monument to the Discoveries Lisbon, Portugal

Monument to the Discoveries Lisbon, Portugal. How to manage Cultural Diversity? The Portuguese approach. 1. How to manage cultural diversity? The Portuguese approach 2. Which Policies for the Hosting and Integration of immigrants? 3. What about Intercultural Education?.

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Monument to the Discoveries Lisbon, Portugal

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  1. Monument to the Discoveries Lisbon, Portugal How to manage Cultural Diversity? The Portuguese approach

  2. 1. How to manage cultural diversity? The Portuguese approach 2. Which Policies for the Hosting and Integration of immigrants? 3. What about Intercultural Education?

  3. Portuguese option regarding cultural diversity • In earlier decades, two models of managing cultural diversity seemed to function: • Assimilationism (French model) assumed that members of minority communities would assimilate to a prevailing majority ethos (‘republican values’) • Multiculturalism(United Kingdom and Dutch model), by contrast, sought to give official recognition to minority communities, understood as homogeneous ‘cultures’ (Wilson, 2008) • Portuguese option regarding cultural diversity anchors on the principle of Interculturality

  4. Portuguese option regarding cultural diversity:Interculturality • Within the framework of mutual respect, claims the value and richness of diversity and dialogue. • The intercultural approach is embedded in the paradigm of the value of all cultures, moving thus far beyond multicultural coexistence’s statement • more than simply accepting the “other”, it implies “hosting” the “other” within us and accept being transformed within that encounter • From having been a country with a large-scale emigration, Portugal since the last decades became also a hosting country for immigrants

  5. An overview of immigration in Portugal • Since the late 1990s, the geography of immigration to Portugal has undergone truly profound changes. • Today, different communities make up 4,5% of the population resident in Portugal (more than 500,000 legal immigrants), about 9% of the active population. • Immigrationincreased 400% in fifteen years. 1990 -2010

  6. main nationalities of immigrantsin Portugal 2008

  7. From all over the world Source: Strategic and Planning Office – Lists of Personnel (2008)

  8. Which Policies for Immigrant Integration? • Inclusion in education and Intercultural Educationwere recognised in the educational policies through the creation, in 1991 of the "Between Cultures"Secretariat(Entreculturas), a Multicultural Education Programs Coordinator Organism Between Cultures Secretariat www.entreculturas.pt

  9. Which Policies for Immigrant Integration? "Choices” Programme (2001) • "Choices" is a social inclusion programme aimed at children and young people aged between 6 and 24, coming from the most disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds and descendants of immigrants and ethnic minorities, to promote equality of opportunities • During the first phase (2001-2003) it was a Program for Crime Prevention and Youth Integration: 50 projects were implemented • From 2004 to 2006, funded and accompanied 87 projects, covering 43.199 people, in 54 districts • Now, "Choices" brings together around 770 institutions

  10. "Choices" Programme This Programme has received the following awards: • European Crime Prevention Award (European Union 2003) • Honourable Mention for Social Inclusion (United Nations) • Selection as a Best Practice in the “Handbook for Integration” (European Commission, 2007) • At the end of 2007 covered a target group of around 47,300 people

  11. "Choices" Programme • Each project involves one coordinating institution and various partners (schools, training centres, associations, among others), forming a consortium • Each consortium develops and implements activities in four complementary areas: I – School Inclusion and Non-Formal Education II – Professional Training and Employability III – Civic and Community Participation IV – Digital Inclusion

  12. Which Policies for Immigrant Integration? • Law nº 134/99 prohibits discrimination based on race, colour, nationality or ethnic origin • A Public Institute was launched - High Commission for Immigration and Intercultural Dialogue (ACIDI) • National Immigrant Support Centres were set up in 2004 • 83 Local Centres for Immigrants Support were opened • the Institute for Employment and Professional Training (IEFP) established a network of twenty-five job centres specifically for immigrants

  13. Which Policies for Immigrant Integration? Key actions in 2006-2007 • A National Plan for the Hosting and Integration of Immigrants was launched (2006) • Creation of a permanent structure dependant fromACIDI, endowed with a board of personnel specialized in all the dimensions involving hosting support and integration of immigrants • A new Law of Nationality was approved in 2007

  14. Which Policies for Immigrant Integration? 86% accomplishment rate

  15. II Plan for Immigrant Integration 2010-2013 (DL 74/2010, 17 September 2010) Joint effort of fourteen Ministries and non-governmental organizations to promote inclusion

  16. ACIDI - High Commissioner for Immigration and Intercultural Dialogue Rosário Farmhouse

  17. ACIDI - 7 KEY PRINCIPLES HOSPITALITY INTERCULTURALISM CITIZENSHIP PROXIMITY DIALOGUE INITIATIVE EQUALITY

  18. Involving the scientific community: the Immigration Observatory • An involvement of the scientific community for the development of the research in the areas of intercultural education and dialogue was promoted • in order to specify, carry out and evaluate policies regarding the integration of immigrants, • through the edition of original or translated studies • The Immigration Observatory Networkis composed by 10 research centres

  19. Immigration Observatory: some publications "Communities" Series "Theses" Series on Immigration and Ethnic Minorities Studies and Documents Series "Intercultural Portugal" Series OI WORKING PAPERS Journal of the Immigration Observatory

  20. Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX, 2007) Portugal 2º Source: Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX, 2007)

  21. Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX, 2007) Source: Migrant Integration Policy Index, 2007http://www.integrationindex.eu/integrationindex/2509.html

  22. Handbook on how to implement a One-Stop-Shop (2009)

  23. 3.What about Intercultural Education? • The Green Paper (2008) adopted by the European Commission opened the debate on how education policies may better address the challenges posed by immigration: • how to prevent the creation of segregated school settings, so as to improve equity in education? • how to accommodate the increased diversity of mother tongues and cultural perspectives and build intercultural skills? • how to adapt teaching skills and build bridges with migrant families and communities? • Policies can make a difference! (Green Paper 2008)

  24. 3.What about Intercultural Education? • Portuguese schools are multicultural.The previous homogeneous school population is today characterized by ethnic diversity, all over the country, particularly in the urban centres • This issue has been leading to the need to reinforce teacher educationin the field of interculturalism • and to promote the teaching of Portuguese has a second language

  25. Inclusion and Intercultural Education European Union 14.7% Eastern Europe 7.5% Others 14.7% Brazil 12.9% PALOP 50.2% Enrolment of immigrant students (%) in Portugal (2004) Source: Oliveira, I.& Santos, J. (2008)

  26. Intercultural Education: “Between Cultures" (1991) • Inclusion in education and Intercultural Educationwere recognised in the educational policies through the creation, in 1991 of the "Between Cultures"Secretariat(Entreculturas), a Multicultural Education Programs Coordinator Organism Between Cultures Secretariat

  27. Intercultural Education:“Between Cultures" sites in order to think and to act • www.entrekulturas.pt • for youth www.entreculturas.pt

  28. "Choices" Program (2001) • "Choices" is a social inclusion programme aimed at children and young people aged between 6 and 24, coming from the most disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds and descendants of immigrants and ethnic minorities, to promote equality of opportunities • During the first phase (2001-2003) it was a Program for Crime Prevention and Youth Integration: 50 projects were implemented • From 2004 to 2006, funded and accompanied 87 projects, covering 43.199 people, in 54 districts • Now, "Choices" brings together around 770 institutions

  29. "Choices" Programme • Each project involves one coordinating institution and various partners (schools, training centres, associations, among others), forming a consortium • Each consortium develops and implements activities in four complementary areas: I – School Inclusion and Non-Formal Education II – Professional Training and Employability III – Civic and Community Participation IV – Digital Inclusion

  30. "Choices" Programme This Programme has received the following awards: • European Crime Prevention Award (European Union 2003) • Honourable Mention for Social Inclusion (United Nations) • Selection as a Best Practice in the “Handbook for Integration” (European Commission, 2007) • At the end of 2007 covered a target group of around 47,300 people

  31. Some "Choices" Programmes

  32. "Choices"

  33. Trainers on Interculturality • Interculturality is not resolved in the various organs of power. • It arises from democracy and from people learning about and experiencing it. • It needs to be learned in the same way as democracy • The process of learning about the Other, about how to know the Other, about how to build things with the Other • Since 2006 a team of 25 trainers were trained, at a national level, to develop training sessions, among other areas, on interculturality.

  34. Intercultural Education: Trainers’ network • Any private or public institution can apply to this team to develop training sessions. • There is a high demand by diverse institutions, more and more aware of the importance of reflecting about interculturalism in their projects. Courses on intercultural Education in 2008IEFP (public institution) 2008 365 actions 1123 hours 10 265 participants

  35. Educationpolicies for migrantintegration CHILDREN Source: Ministry of Education

  36. Educationpolicies for migrantintegration ADULTS 117 examination centres 38,000 examinations

  37. Intercultural and Citizenship Education • Intercultural education is part of Citizenship Education, which is, since 2001, a transversal and compulsory dimension in all the curricula of the Portuguese educational system • A large number of schools are developing projects related to intercultural dialogue issues, involving groups of pupils or groups of schools • National programs are open to schools, for instance the contest “My school fighting discrimination”. • In 2008 different partnerships were established in order to equip schools with intercultural education pedagogical materials, • and to promote best practices awards

  38. Some publicationsandpedagogicalresources

  39. References: ale Immigrant Antunes, A.B. (2009) Femmale Immigrant workers in Portugal. Lisbon:GEP Banks, J. (1994) An Introduction to Multicultural Education. Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon. European Commission (2008) Green Paper. Migration & mobility: challenges and opportunities for EU education systems COM(2008) 423, Brussels. Fonseca, L. & Meghann O. (2003)Immigration in Portugal: recent trends & policyin http://www.ceg.ul.pt/mcm/MetromedLFMO_ficheiros/frame.htm Guilherme, M. (2002) Critical citizens for an intercultural world: foreign language education as Cultural Politics. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Presidency of the Council of Ministers and ACIDI (2007) Plan for Immigrant Integration available in http://www.acidi.gov.pt/docs/pdf Martins, I. F. (2008) O Papel da Formação na Construção duma Sociedade mais Intercultural. Lisboa: IEFP. Modelsky, G. (1987) Long Cicles in World Politics. London: Macmillan Press. Niessen, J; Hudleston, T; Citron, L.; Geddes, A.; Jacobs, D. (2007) – Index de Políticas de Integração de Migrantes, Lisboa. British Council - Fund. Gulbenkian. Oliveira, I. (2005) Empresários de Origem Imigrante: estratégias de inserção económica em Portugal. Lisboa: ACIDI: Immigrant Observatory Oliveira, I., Santos, J. (2009) Education and Integration of Migrants in Portugal.Lisboa: ME Unesco (2006) Guidelines on Intercultural Education. Paris: Unesco www.acidi.gov.pt

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