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Ancient Theories

Ancient Theories. Ptolemy Lived in Egypt during first century Developed the Geocentric Theory Earth is the center of the universe and all other objects orbit around it . Scientific “ Revolutionaries ”. Copernicus (1473-1543). Developed the Heliocentric Model - sun -centered universe

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Ancient Theories

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  1. Ancient Theories Ptolemy • Lived in Egypt during first century • Developed the Geocentric Theory • Earth is the center of the universe and all other objects orbit around it

  2. Scientific “Revolutionaries”

  3. Copernicus (1473-1543) • Developed the Heliocentric Model - sun-centered universe • Universe of staggering size • Earth is no different than any other planet

  4. Weaknesses of Theory Mathematical formulas did not predict positions of planets well Copernicus did not want to be ridiculed for weaknesses On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres Copernicus didn’t publish his ideas until the last year of his life Knew Church would oppose his work Publication contradicted teachings of church Copernicus

  5. Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) • Said planetary movements could be predicted using math • Planets do not move in perfect circles but rather in elliptical orbits • Planets do not move at uniform speeds in their orbits

  6. Kepler’s Solution Kepler solved main problem of Copernican theory • Copernicus assumed planets orbited in circle • Kepler found assumption untrue • Proved planets orbited in oval pattern, ellipse • Wanted to prove Copernicus wrong, instead proved heliocentric theory correct

  7. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) • Early practitioner of the scientific method • Developed: • Formula for acceleration of falling objects • Law of inertia • Discoveries using the telescope

  8. Science and the Church Galileo’s Theories supported Copernicus • Pope Urban VII ordered Galileo to Rome to stand trial before Inquisition • Church wanted to stamp out heresy(ideas besides their own) • Galileo stated would not use Copernican theory in work • Received lenient sentence in return • Pope ordered Galileo to be put under house arrest, where he spent rest of life

  9. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) • Newton developed calculus, new kind of math • Used calculus to predict effects of gravity • German philosopher developed calculus at same time – both men accused each other of plagiarism • Historians believe it was simple case of independent discovery • Principia; Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1687)

  10. Francis Bacon (1561-1626) • Father of the “Scientific Method” • Used “Inductive Method” - planned procedure to investigate all things • Emphasis on practical, useful knowledge • Famously died from pneumonia while conducting an experiment on the effects of snow on the preservation of meat

  11. The Scientific Method • Identify problem • Form hypothesis • Perform experiments to test hypothesis • Record results • Analyze results, form conclusion The Monty Python Explains…

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