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Global Empires: Industrialization, Expansion, and Influence

Explore the era of Industrialization and Global Integration (c. 1750 - 1900 C.E.) where states expanded overseas colonies, modern empire building, challenged existing empires, and developed new national identities. Witness the growth of European influence worldwide as countries like the US and Japan participated in the process. Discover the impact of regional warfare, diplomacy, and the establishment of transoceanic empires on global history. Learn about the establishment of settler colonies by Europeans and the rise of new ideas like nationalism that shaped the era. Explore the formation of empires in Asia, Africa, and the Pacific by various industrializing powers in this transformative period.

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Global Empires: Industrialization, Expansion, and Influence

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  1. Period 5: Industrialization and Global Integration (c. 1750 C.E. to c. 1900 C.E.) Key Concept 5.2.Imperialism and Nation-State Formation

  2. Key Concept 5.2. Imperialism and Nation-State Formation Overview: -As states industrialized during this period, they also expanded their existing overseas colonies and established new types of colonies and transoceanic empires. - Regional warfare and diplomacy both resulted in and were affected by this process of modern empire building. - The process was led mostly by Europe, although not all states were affected equally, which led to an increase of European influence around the world. http://users.humboldt.edu/ogayle/World_1914_empires_colonies.PNG

  3. Key Concept 5.2. Imperialism and Nation-State Formation Overview (continued): - The United States and Japan also participated in this process. - The growth of new empires challenged the power of existing land-based empires of Eurasia. - New ideas about nationalism, race, gender, class, and culture also developed that facilitated the spread of transoceanic empires, as well as justified anti-imperial resistance and the formation of new national identities. http://assets.urturn.com/medias/image/Ef9e64cb-b0d3-424d-b087-d88e9c04813d/ribs.jpg?1358401991

  4. I. Industrializing powers established transoceanic empires. A. States with existing colonies strengthened their control over those colonies. 1. Examples of states with existing colonies: a. British in India- Trading posts  1707 Aurangzeb dies; Mughal Empire decline 1750s- 1850s British East India Company takes control  1857 Sepoy Rebellion  1858 direct colonial control http://freespace.virgin.net/andrew.randall1/indiaraj.gif

  5. I. Industrializing powers established transoceanic empires. b. Dutch in Indonesia VOC 1619  Napoleonic conquest 1800 (direct rule through Dutch intermediary)  1811(Java falls to British)  1814 Anglo- Dutch Treaty returns to Dutch in 1815  1825- 1830 Java rebellion  1830 Cultivation System (forced labor 60 days a year  Abolished Cultivation System in 1870 http://www.scientificpsychic.com/etc/jeff/Dutch-East-Indies.png

  6. I. Industrializing powers established transoceanic empires. B. European states, as well as the Americans and the Japanese, established empires throughout Asia and the Pacific, while Spanish and Portuguese influence declined. 1. Examples of European states that established empires: a. British http://www.valuingheritage.com.au/SwanRiverColony/images/20110608%20BE%201900%20map.jpg

  7. I. Industrializing powers established transoceanic empires. b. Dutch- Dutch East Indies (Indonesia, etc.) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/DutchEmpire15.png

  8. I. Industrializing powers established transoceanic empires. c. French- West Africa, Saint Domingue (Haiti), French Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/French_Empire_17th_century-20th_century.png

  9. I. Industrializing powers established transoceanic empires. d. German- Various Pacific Islands, African Colonies, parts of Papua New Guinea http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/German_colonial.PNG

  10. I. Industrializing powers established transoceanic empires. e. Russian- Central Asia, Mongolia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Russian_Empire_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg

  11. I. Industrializing powers established transoceanic empires. C. Many European states used both warfare and diplomacy to establish empires in Africa. 1. Examples of European States that established empires in Africa: a. Britain in West Africa- 1875- 1890 (Africa colonized by Europe); 1884- 1885 Berlin Conference (European carved up Africa); “Concessionary companies” such as Royal Niger Company with Mass-Produced Fill-in Blank Contracts  c. 1900; Direct (Typical French)/ (typical British) Indirect rule http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/British_West_Africa.PNG

  12. I. Industrializing powers established transoceanic empires. b. Belgium in the Congo- 1870s Henry Morton Stanley employed by King Leopold II for Congo Free State (commercial ventures for Ivory and especially forced labor rubber plantations; high taxes)- 4 to 8 million deaths (some estimate up to15 million) http://www.mikemiesen.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/congo3.jpg http://www.mikanet.com/museum/images/belgian_congo_map.jpg

  13. I. Industrializing powers established transoceanic empires. D. In some parts of their empires, Europeans established settler colonies. 1. Examples of Europeans who established settler colonies: a. The British in southern Africa, Australia and New Zealand (settler colonialism): i. South Africa: 1652 Dutch East India Company  1806 British Rule (during Napoleanic Wars)  1833 British Abolish Slavery conflict with Boers/ Afrikaners  Great Trek north with independent republics  1867 diamonds/ 1886 Gold in territories 1899- 1902 Boer War  1910 Union of South Africa http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Isandhlwana.jpg

  14. I. Industrializing powers established transoceanic empires. D. In some parts of their empires, Europeans established settler colonies. 1. Examples of Europeans who established settler colonies: a. The British in southern Africa, Australia and New Zealand (settler colonialism): ii. Australia: (1788 prison colony & voluntary migrants; mostly sheep herding; 1830s voluntary outnumber prison colony 1851 gold discovery immigration push) http://gutenberg.net.au/images/c-fr.jpg

  15. I. Industrializing powers established transoceanic empires. D. In some parts of their empires, Europeans established settler colonies. 1. Examples of Europeans who established settler colonies: a. The British in southern Africa, Australia and New Zealand (settler colonialism): iii. New Zealand: 1840 Maori forced to sign Treaty of Waitangi for “protection”  1841Official British Control  Maori resistance (autonomous & 1856 “Kingitanga” Maori King Movement  New Zealand Wars mid- late 19th century http://www.teara.govt.nz/files/hero-34379_0.gif

  16. I. Industrializing powers established transoceanic empires. b. The French in Algeria- Algiers captured in 1830; 1848 Algeria administered as part of France; interior largely autonomous http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Fighting_at_the_gates_of_Algiers_1830.jpg

  17. I. Industrializing powers established transoceanic empires. E. In other parts of the world, industrialized states practiced economic imperialism. 1. Examples of industrialized states practicing economic imperialism: a. The British and French expanding their influence in China through the 1st Opium War (1839- 1842); Unequal Treaties Hong Kong to British, 5 zones; 2nd Opium War (1856- 1860) http://www.vhinkle.com/modern/1750trade.sm.jpg

  18. I. Industrializing powers established transoceanic empires. b. The British and the United States investing heavily in Latin America- Monroe Doctrine- 1823; British in Argentina (Meat Ranching); governmental loans railroads, etc. http://apus2scott.wikispaces.com/file/view/keep-off-the-monroe-doctrine-must-be-respected.png/391085138/keep-off-the-monroe-doctrine-must-be-respected.png

  19. II. Imperialism influenced state formation and contraction around the world. A. The expansion of U.S. and European influence over Tokugawa Japan led to the emergence of Meiji Japan. (1868- 1912) http://socialistworker.co.uk/imageFiles/Image/2008/2097/meiji.jpg

  20. II. Imperialism influenced state formation and contraction around the world. B. The United States and Russia emulated European transoceanic imperialism by expanding their land borders and conquering neighboring territories. http://lisawallerrogers.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/russian-map-1894.gif

  21. II. Imperialism influenced state formation and contraction around the world. C. Anti-imperial resistance led to the contraction of the Ottoman Empire. 1. Examples of the contraction of the Ottoman Empire: a. The establishment of independent states in the Balkans http://www.worldology.com/Europe/images/pre_war_balkans.jpg

  22. II. Imperialism influenced state formation and contraction around the world. b. Semi-independence in Egypt, French and Italian colonies in North Africa- Autonomy from Ottoman Empire early 19th centuries (though nominally Ottoman; French later colonize Algeria (1830, 1848) & protectorate for Tunisia (1881), though interior relatively autonomous and Italy takes Libya (1912) http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/harlandj/maps/world/africa_northern_01.gif

  23. II. Imperialism influenced state formation and contraction around the world. c. Later British influence in Egypt- Suez Canal 1869, British Military 1882 http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/willow/history-of-egypt0.gif

  24. II. Imperialism influenced state formation and contraction around the world. D. New states developed on the edges of existing empires. 1. Examples of such new states: a. The Cherokee Nation- Indian Removal Act of1830; Worcester vs. Georgia 1832 (Cherokee win at US Supreme Court)  President Jackson ignores. http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/gastudiesimages/Cherokee%20Nation%20Map.jpg

  25. II. Imperialism influenced state formation and contraction around the world. b. Siam- Buffer between French Indo-China and British Burma http://siamsmile.webs.com/isaan/isaanfiles/isaan.jpg

  26. II. Imperialism influenced state formation and contraction around the world. c. Hawai’i- US sugar/ other ag production and white Christian missionaries  unrest leads to US & British military  1887 constitution established property restrictions and gave white settlers more voting privileges  1893 Queen Lili‘uokalani announces plan for new constitution  John L. Stevens and white settlers call in US Marines  1893- 1898: Republic of Hawaii  1898 annexed  1959 statehood http://www.daggarjon.com/Pics/Maps/Map%20-%20Hawaii.gif

  27. II. Imperialism influenced state formation and contraction around the world. d. The Zulu Kingdom (1816- 1897- Shaka Zulu (r. 1816- 1828) resisted Dutch and British incursions; Anglo-Zulu Wars 1870s  British Control  1897 Union of South Africa http://www.south-africa-tours-and-travel.com/images/1885-map-showing-zululand-zulu.jpg

  28. II. Imperialism influenced state formation and contraction around the world. E. The development and spread of nationalism as an ideology fostered new communal identities. 1. Examples of nationalism: a. The German nation- King Wilhelm of Prussia & Otto Von Bismarck 1861- 1871 http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ipI9OzLFBvY/UeMgJTb4D0I/AAAAAAAAA3Q/8konV0y--7w/s640/392px-Image_Germania_%28painting%29.jpg

  29. II. Imperialism influenced state formation and contraction around the world. b. Filipino nationalism- Emilio Aguinaldo joined US against Spanish in 1898; 1899- 1902 American Phillipine War http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Bandera_03.jpg

  30. II. Imperialism influenced state formation and contraction around the world. c. Liberian nationalism- 1820s – 1847 American Colonization Society; 1847 Independence http://www-tc.pbs.org/independentlens/ironladies/images/map.gif

  31. III. New racial ideologies, especially Social Darwinism, facilitated and justified imperialism. http://www.tahfp.udel.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Cartoon_New_-_White_Mans_Burden.jpg

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