Postwar 1812: Change, Expansion & Compromise

1. I. Postwar 1812: Change, Expansion & Compromise • After this series of crisis, slavery still around, but still seen as “necessary evil.” • Pre 1790’s, Tobacco still major cash crop of south. Problems w/Cotton: big potential, but small supply. • Long Staple Cotton grew in swamps, Short Staple anywhere. • Difficulty in processing short staple cotton. Slave expected to clean one pound a day. • Invention of the Cotton Gin in 1793 • A slave could now process 50 pounds of cotton a day. • Cotton Production: 1790: 3,135 bales. 1820: 334,378 bales. • Slavery=Profit. Eli Whitney • Slavery now a “common good?”

2. I. Postwar 1812: Change, Expansion & Compromise The Missouri Compromise (1820) • Missouri wants to enter the union…as a slave state. This upsets the balance of free and slave states. • Missouri’s location…west of the Mississippi River. Slavery is expanding into the new territory/west, NOT withering away or stopping. • The Compromise: • Missouri enters union as a slave state. 2.Maine enters union as a free state, maintaining balance. 3.No additional slave states in the new territories north of the 360 30’ line, except for Missouri. • Jefferson’s reaction to the compromise.

3. Missouri Compromise (1820).

4. The Antebellum Period II. “Jacksonian America” (1828-1836) • A westerner, self-made, “common man.” • Voting rights expand in new western states. • Government should protect common man. • Indian Removal Act (1830). • Jackson & Worchester v. Georgia (1832).

5. II. “Jacksonian America” (1828-1836) • His use of vetoes. John C. Calhoun • A states-right’s man, strict constitutionalist…to a point. • Nullification Crisis of 1832. • He vetoed/destroyed Bank. • Jackson refused to annex Texas (1835). Roger Taney • Taney replaces Marshall in Supreme Court.

6. The Antebellum Period III. Social Movements, 1830’s-1850’s • Social & economic change starting in 1820’s causes reactions. • People dissatisfied, afraid. Government does nothing. • Immigration from Germany & Ireland starts nativist campaign. • Temperance, healthy living campaigns & movements. • “Alternative” Denominations & utopian societies begin: Mormons, 7th Day Adventists, Shakers, transcendentalism. • Second Great Awakening/revivals, from 1830’s-Civil War. Missionaries go west & into deep south. Convert Slaves. • Nat Turner Revolt (1831, Virginia)-Most serious slave uprising. Southern states tighten slave laws.

7. The Antebellum Period III. Social Movements, 1830’s-1850’s • Abolitionism-William Lloyd Garrison’s weekly newspaper, “The Liberator” (1831). • The American Colonization Society is outdated & ineffective. • Beliefs of Abolitionism: • IMMEDIATE EMANCIPATION!! • No compensation to slave owners. Garrison 2. Slavery not just a moral wrong, against reason or a democratic republic… 3. SLAVERY IS A SIN!! The nation will be judged!! 4. Blacks would become equal citizens (not sent to Africa). • Campaign both written & speeches, non-compromising & harsh. • Abolitionism also prompts women’s rights movement.

8. The Antebellum Period IV. Expansionism, Compromise & Conflict • Depression, etc. sets up “Oregon Fever.” Between 1843-1868, 250-400,000 move west. • Polk won in 1844 with ambitious platform: get both Texas & Oregon. • War w/Mexico provoked. • Wilmot Proviso (1846). No money would be used to acquire additional slave territory (except Texas). President James Polk • Wilmot breaks congressional “gag rule.”

10. “Manifest Destiny” Depicted, 1840’s

11. The Mexican War Campaign, 1846-1848

12. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) And Then…GOLD IN CALIFORNIA!! (1849)