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War of 1812 and its Aftermath

War of 1812 and its Aftermath. Standard 8-3 The student will demonstrate an understanding of South Carolina’s role in the development of the new national government. Today’s Outline. Westward Expansion War of 1812 “Era of Good Feelings” . Westward Expansion.

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War of 1812 and its Aftermath

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  1. War of 1812 and its Aftermath Standard 8-3 The student will demonstrate an understanding of South Carolina’s role in the development of the new national government

  2. Today’s Outline • Westward Expansion • War of 1812 • “Era of Good Feelings”

  3. Westward Expansion Manifest Destiny—God given right for America to move west

  4. Northwest Ordinance (1787) • Organized the frontier area northwest of the Ohio River (Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Indiana, Illinois) into a new U.S. territory • Established precedent by which the federal government would expand westward across North America and admit new states • First compromise between North and South over slavery • Did not address the issue of Indian claims

  5. Louisiana Purchase (1803)

  6. Louisiana Purchase (1803) • 828,000 square miles for $15,000,000 • Controlled by Spain, 1763–1800 • Federalists opposed purchase • Secured U.S. access to all of Mississippi River • Lewis and Clark Expedition (1803–6) • Contains all or part of 15 U.S. states

  7. Internal Improvements (“American System”) • Early roads and canals were either private or local endeavors • Santee Canal (1793–1800) • President Jefferson unsuccessfully lobbied for a national system of roads and canals • Cumberland Road (1811–37) • Cumberland, Md. To Vandalia, Illinois Picture: National Archives

  8. War of 1812 SC History- 8-3.4 Analyze the position of SC on the issues that divided the nation in the early 1800s, including the assumption of state debt, the creation of a national bank, the protective tariff and the role of the United States in the European conflict between France and England in the War of 1812.

  9. Precursors to War of 1812“Chesapeake-Leopard Affair” • 22 June 1807 • Hampton Roads, Virginia • HMS Leopard (50-gun ship) • USS Chesapeake (38-gun frigate) • Searching for deserting British sailors • Americans clamored for war

  10. Precursors to War of 1812 President James Madison • Chesapeake-Leopard Affair • Embargo of 1808 • Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 • Declaration of War: 18 June 1812 Picture: National Archives

  11. Causes of War of 1812 • British interference with U.S. shipping • Impressment of U.S. sailors • British support of Indian raids on U.S. frontier • U.S. Expansionism • U.S. sought to assert sovereignty over its frontiers • “War Hawks”: volatile frontier Democratic-Republicans • John C. Calhoun Picture: National Archives

  12. First Phase of the War of 1812 • U.S. army and navy unprepared for war • Britain preoccupied with fighting Napoleon • Canada and the Great Lakes: • July–Oct. 1812: U.S. forces make two unsuccessful attempts to invade Canada • Fall of 1813: U.S. fails to take Montreal but secures Lake Erie • Battle of Lake Champlain (Sept. 1814) Mrs. Deters and Napoleon

  13. Second Phase of the War of 1812 • Napoleon abdicated, April 1814 • Britain turned its military might on U.S. • Burning of Washington D.C. (August 1814) • Battle of Baltimore (September 1814) • Francis Scott Key: “Star Spangled Banner” • Charleston prepares for invasion: Fall 1814 • Battle of New Orleans (8 January 1815) • “War Hawk” General Andrew Jackson

  14. Battle of New Orleans

  15. Treaty of Ghent • Signed 24 December 1814 • Ratified by U.S. senate 16 February 1815 • Restored pre-war “status quo” • U.S. neither lost nor gained territory • Lasting effect of the War of 1812?

  16. Post-war Recovery • U.S. encumbered with large war debt • Second Bank of the U.S. (1816–18) • consolidate the nation’s war debt • combat rampant inflation • facilitate easy lending to citizens and corporations • Tariff of 1816 • First federal tariff to explicitly protect American manufacturing interests against foreign competition • Southern support of temporary protectionism

  17. “Era of Good Feelings,” 1815–1825 • Post-war wave of exuberant nationalism • Associated with James Monroe’s administrations • Advocated political “amalgamation” • “Good Will Tour,” 1817–1819 • Recognition of legitimacy of the federal government and the nation in general • American desire for peace and tranquility after years of war and party strife Picture: National Archives

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