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Exploring Scientific Methods: From Hypothesis to Correlation

Learn the steps of the experimental method and how scientists study topics where experiments aren't feasible. Explore observation, question, hypothesis, experiment, and correlation methods. Discover the importance of control groups, data analysis, and result communication. Uncover Earth's past climate and causality of smoking on lung cancer.

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Exploring Scientific Methods: From Hypothesis to Correlation

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  1. Scientific MethodsSection 2.1 Objectives: List and describe the steps of the experimental method. Describe how scientists study subjects in which experiments are not possible.

  2. Experimental Method (aka, “Scientific Method”) • Observation • Question • Hypothesis • Experiment • Only allow one variable to change • Use a control group for comparison • Repeat the experiment • Organize and analyze data • Communicate results

  3. Correlation Method • What scientists use when they cannot answer a question experimentally. • What was Earth’s climate like 60 million years ago? • Does smoking cause lung cancer? • Correlation – reliable associations between two or more events • Tree rings • Lost Colony (Roanoke Island, VA) • Jamestown, VA

  4. Chapter 2 Section 1 Scientific Methods Rainfall and Tree Ring Width

  5. Good Scientists Are: • Curious • Skeptical • Open to new ideas • Intellectually honest • Imaginative and creative (John Snow’s spot map)

  6. Chapter 2 Section 1 Scientific Methods John Snow’s Cholera Spot Map

  7. Quick Quiz • Why should the results of an experiment be repeatable? • Why are experiments designed to have as few variables – preferably only one – as possible? • Why is the correlation method a useful accompaniment to the experimental method?

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