Service Delivery in a Changing Somali Environment

1. Service Delivery in a Changing Somali Environment UNITED NATIONS/ WORLD BANK Somali JNA Retreat 23-27 November 2005

2. Service Delivery: Essential Success Factors Political stability and social opportunity Enabling assessment, planning and program implementation within a framework of “common purpose” Capacity analysis Identification of human, infrastructural and financial resources and gaps enabling consensus on priority areas for capacity building Framework for sector partnership Including adoption of technical standards, projection of resource requirements and division of labor based on comparative advantages

3. …within differing contexts… NWZ Comparative social stability and enhanced governance enables greater rehabilitation and development-based agenda supported by strong international agency presence. NEZ Recent emergence of a functioning administration improves focus on rehabilitation and capacity building and the expectation of an “enabling environment” for international support CSZ Largely unfulfilled capacities (present and potential) of the TFG and numerous local administrations; multi-clan dynamics; continuing conflict lines and large scale, underserved, large scale humanitarian need

4. Education – Service Delivery Great variation in quality/quantity across the three zones • CSZ – provided/supported by communities, NGOs and UN agencies (scope: humanitarian and recovery - minimal quality frameworks, and almost entirely fee paying) • NEZ – provided by communities, governments, NGOs and UN agencies (scope: blend of recovery and development - emerging quality assurance frameworks, incipient government presence) • NWZ – communities, governments, NGOs and UN agencies (scope: more toward development with some recovery - growing quality assurance framework and visible government role ) Services are community sponsored, demand responsive and fee charging, except where donor funds are used to pay for services User fees limit access, and fees charged also dictate quality of services provided

5. Education - Achievements • School buildings/learning spaces provided • Teachers trained (although teaching compensation is not yet consistent or attractive) • Textbooks and other learning materials provided • Growth in access to basic education achieved • Educational policies exist in the two northern regions • Community Education Committees up and vibrant • Community cohesion and strong social capital built up • Responsive private sector provisions in the areas of IT education, language improvement and vocational training

6. Education – Constraints and Challenges • Social exclusion as user fees in education limit access • Community focused nature of services limits networking and service expansion • Absence of a viable educational service industry (eg teacher training institutions, publishing houses) inhibits improvements in quality of services provided • Absence of regulatory framework and policy guidelines results in great variation in quality Challenges Establish support services; establish ‘reward’ mechanism for teachers; enable the emergence of an educational service industry; create viable and realistic policy guidelines and implement these; build supervisory and regulatory capacity of central government; create and empower regional education service nodes; reward, recognise and build on community mechanisms and structures.

7. Achievements High quality service delivery at community or municipality level Strong partnerships between communities, municipalities and private sector Local knowledge and management for local services = good Local Governance Constraints Lack of central guidance (Standards, Quality guidelines, national framework) Diverse legal arrangements, to be agreed individually Little synergy between communities in conflict regions Rural community management groups have poor legal status Water, Sanitation, Hygiene – Service Delivery

8. Challenges To lift the many different arrangements to a standardized national level To ensure that private- public partnerships are balanced (business interest against public oversight) Opportunities Central government can build on the successful local governance of services More private investment in services can be encouraged by a uniform national framework Legal status for rural management groups will improve sustainability Water, Sanitation, Hygiene

9. Health and Nutrition - Service Delivery Achievements • 170 MCH clinics operational in cooperation with Local Authorities/UN/NGOs/CBOs (antenatal care, EPI, child health, micronutrient supplementation) • Special campaigns carried out (polio eradication) • Disease surveillance • Responding to emergencies in drought-flood affected areas Constraints • Lack of policy/strategy framework • Security constraints – in Central and South Somalia MCH coverage about 20% • Low competence level of health sector human resource both in service delivery and in policy formulation

10. Health and Nutrition Challenges • Low demand of Public Health Services • Low level of coverage of Reproductive Health Services – HIGH MMR • Institutional capacity building, absence of systematic training institutions for health personnel • Low payment of health personnel -->poor commitment Opportunities • Existence of partners for cooperation • Acceptance of cost staring system by majority of communities • Local Authorities and communities involved in planning and implementation of programmes • Expansion of IMCI strategy in different regions

11. How do we strengthen service delivery? • Sound policies and committed leadership at the country level, supported by appropriate expenditure frameworks, effective budget execution and good governance • Adequate operational capacity at all levels, including capacity of communities to participate effectively, so that sound policies and strong leadership translates into effective action • Financial resources to scale up programs that work and put in place measures and necessary support structures to ensure that these reach sustainable service delivery level • Ensuring that gender and human rights approaches are reflected in delivery outputs: the integrated approach will require constant monitoring and knowledge-sharing

12. Benefits and Risks Benefits • Improved governance • Poverty reduction • Citizen voice and empowerment at the macro level, especially for the poor • Enhanced transparency • Reduced corruption • Strengthened social capital • Strengthened public sector reforms and decentralization

13. Benefits and Risks Risks • Raised citizen expectations • Lack of sustainability or institutionalization • Mechanisms may not result in quality service improvements • Depth of citizen involvement may be superficial and limited • May involve a small exclusive group of “well behaved” NGOs, professionals and entrepreneurs

14. “The Joint Needs Assessment is a process for all Somalis and therefore necessitates being an inclusive one that involves all segments of Somalia… The TFG expects substantive qualitative inputs and realistic high-tech outputs of the JNA. This is our chance at charting a new future from Somalia. We owe it to ourselves and our children to make this work…” - Prime Minister Gedi