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Situated Innovations Mapping the innovation process Case Workplace study
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Situated Innovations Mapping the innovation process Case Workplace study Jarmo I. Suominen Professor of Mass Customization Director of Future Home Institute University of Art and Design Massachusetts Institute of Technology Senior Advisor Ogilvy One Worldwide mobile work environments Hong Kong Bank
Work FLOW Assisting in a meeting Car: phone calls Teamwork at base office Coffee break Car: phone calls Car: phone calls Preparing meetings and events at desk Networking at lunch Planning, booking etc. Back office: check email Home: check email 3 meetings in different meeting rooms in back office, some participants attend virtually Head office meeting Back office: Synchronize data between server and laptop Company office meeting Taxi: phone calls Cafeteria: lunch with a colleague Back office: meeting
SEQUENCING @ mobile living Implementator Collaborator Specialist Generator Separate workday and leisure time Work and leisure time are kept separate. Single task outside separate workday Mainly separate working hours and leisure time, single recognizable tasks. Sequenced workday in patterns Work is performed in recognizable and timed periods. Blurred work and life Work and life are a unity of different activities performed in continuous flow.
Processes are developed separately. A worker participates in several processes. Processes are experienced as situations distributed in time and place. Mobile Knowledge work CURRENT PROCESSES OF KNOWLEDGE WORK • Knowledge work takes place in many places, in many situations and with many people. • Mobile technology enables working independent of time and place. Yet, the practice of work is always conducted in certain time and place. • Current generic working environments support mainly traditional ways of working. • Distinction of work and leisure time created by the industrial revolution has blurred. Work tasks are done at home and private affairs taken care of in the workplace. • Work increasingly happens outside traditional workplace or out of range of support by the employer. • On average, one third of working time is spent at own desk.
Research Process • Research process had six main phases. User research phase in the companies was followed by multi-disciplinary workshops involving users, researchers and other professionals. The aim of the process was to develop a viable conceptual model to enable mobile work. • Parametres of mobile workStructurization of user needs and experiences into critical need variables • Situations of mobile work Typical combinations of the parametres based on the user research • Design drivers Defining design drivers as guidelines for concept development • Design rules Establishing specifications for the solution concepts • Solution conceptsProduct and service concepts for managing time, practice and location of mobile work RESEARCH PROCESS 1. Map parametres of mWork Critical need variables 2. Identify innovation process Typical combinations of parametres 3. Situate productivity Guidelines for concept development 4. Map experience Specifications for solution concepts 5. Develop solution concepts model for mobile work 6. Productivity model Modular service tray for mWorker
Research Methods EXPERIENCE SAMPLING PROBES Mobile self documentation of user experience utilizing camera phones, the messages were categorized in real time on a website. • Qualitative user oriented research methods with emphasis on understanding the individual user experience of mobile work were utilized in order to gain knowledge on mobile work in different organisations and working cultures. • Expert Interviews Setting the background and focusing the user research. • Focus Group Interviews Discussion on focal issues of mobile work • 4 Mobile Work Workshops Multi-disciplinary workshops with the users • Activity / ExperienceMapping ”My Mobile Day”: Descriptions of activities, tools and places of work. • Productivity analyses Evaluating the validity of the identified main situations (modes) of mobile knowledge work. Questionnaire covering three working days. • Sample: 32 persons
semi private space private space private space BT BT BT BT BT semi public space BT BT BT BT BT BT public space [open] semi private space BT BT BT 10:20 semi public space public space
semi private space private space private space BT BT BT BT BT semi public space BT BT BT BT BT BT public space [open] semi private space BT BT BT 11:10 semi public space public space
semi private space private space private space BT BT BT BT BT semi public space BT BT BT BT BT BT public space [open] semi private space BT BT BT 12:15 semi public space public space
TeamWork context driven reactive situation COLLABORATE Reactive people-centric situation Worker is collaborating on a project in a teamwork situation in his frequented campus environment, flexible time use depending on the team.
Concentration content driven reactive situation IMPLEMENT Reactive content-driven situation Single worker conducting a predefined task in a fixed time frame in his own immediate working environment or desk.
Meetings context driven proactive situation GENERATE Proactive people-centric situation Worker is creating and generating new, moving between different events in the macro environment outside own company.
Expert meetings content driven proactive situation SPECIALISE Proactive content-driven situation Worker is sharing knowledge, creating and maintaining networks and bringing his expertise into different situations inside own company.
Situated Innovations Mapping the innovation process Case Workplace study, EgoBeta • 01 _overwiev • 02 _rationale Independent / Diversified innovation processes • 03 _objectives Mapping the experience and situation • 04 _methodology Observation trough mobile phones • 05 _research process Situation related qualitative questionaries • 06 _sample size 32 persons, 4 teams, 4 clients • 07 _outcome Identified process, productive spots • 08 _conclusions Workplace CRM • 09 _learnings How to support mobile knowledge work • 10 _next phase Development of productivity metrics