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Cultural Geography

Discover the diverse world of religions, from the monotheistic beliefs of Judaism and Christianity to the spiritual essence of Animism. Explore the origins, teachings, and practices of major religions like Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism. Learn about the caste system in Hinduism, the Five Pillars of Islam, and the concept of reincarnation in Hindu beliefs. Gain insights into sacred texts, important figures, and religious customs that shape societies globally. Delve into the rich tapestry of cultural, geographical, and historical influences that have defined religious traditions throughout the ages.

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Cultural Geography

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  1. Cultural Geography Religions of the World

  2. Religion (The Basics) • Religion is a belief in a supernatural power or powers that are regarded as the creators and maintainers of the universe.

  3. Types of Religions • Monotheistic religions believe in one god. • Polytheistic religions believe in many gods. • Animistic or traditional religions often believe that different aspects of nature have divine powers.

  4. Religions of the World

  5. Religions of the World

  6. Religions of the World Red = Christianity, Green = Islam

  7. Religions of the World

  8. Southwest Asia • The three religions that began in Southwest Asia are: • Judaism (2000 BCE) • Christianity (26-36 CE) • Islam (610 CE)

  9. Judaism • Some of the major beliefs of Judaism are: • Monotheism - There is one god who is all powerful and all knowing. • This god made a special covenant or agreement with Abraham, who is the ‘father’ of the Jewish people. • God revealed his laws to his people through Moses and the ten commandments.

  10. Western Wall

  11. Star of David

  12. Christianity • Christianity was heavily influenced by Judaism. Some of the major beliefs of Christianity are: • Monotheism - There is one god who is all powerful and all knowing. • Jesus Christ died for the sins of humankind. • Salvation comes from faith in God.

  13. Christianity • Christians believe the Old and New Testaments of the Bible are holy books. The first four books of the New Testament were written by followers of Jesus.

  14. Christianity • Some branches of Christianity are: Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, and Eastern Orthodox.

  15. Orthodox Christianity

  16. Saint Basil’s

  17. Icons

  18. Islam • Islam is a monotheistic religion that developed in Saudi Arabia in the early 600s. Islam is directly related to Judaism and Christianity. • Islam was founded by the Prophet Muhammed who lived from 570 to 632 in Saudi Arabia.

  19. Islam

  20. Islam The five pillars or central teachings of Islam are: • A statement of faith • Prayer (five times a day in the direction of Mecca) • Charity • Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in your lifetime (called the Hajj) • Fasting (during the month of Ramadan)

  21. Islam • The teachings of Muhammed were collected into a book called the Koran. • Muslims worship in buildings called mosques.

  22. Dome of the Rock

  23. Mecca

  24. Crescent and Star

  25. Hinduism • Hinduism is one of the oldest religions in the world. It is a polytheistic religion that originated in South Asia, present day India, around 2500 B.C.E.

  26. Hinduism • Atman is the spirit or soul of a person, which most Hindus believe, is eternal. • Brahman refers to a supreme spirit but it can also mean an infinite and unchanging reality. • Hindus believe that the goal of life is to realize that your atman is the same as Brahman and thereby reach moksha, or liberation.

  27. Hinduism • Hindus believe in reincarnation and karma. A person dies, then lives again, until they finally reach moksha. • Hindus have several holy books called Vedas, Upanishads, and the epics the Mahabharata and Ramayana.

  28. Hinduism and the Caste System • The caste system is a system of social organization in India. When a person is born they are born into one of four castes or as a Dalit. This system has led to discrimination and has been outlawed in India. Hindus still debate whether the caste system is part of Hinduism or an outdated social custom.

  29. Hinduism • The castes are: • Brahmins: Teachers and priests. • Kshatriyas: Warriors, nobles, and kings. • Vaishyas: Farmers, merchants, and businessmen. • Shudras: Servants and laborers.

  30. OUTCASTES • People who were considered below the four castes were considered outcastes, or untouchables.

  31. Angkor Wat

  32. Buddhism • Buddhism is related to Hinduism and shares many of the same basic beliefs. The relationship between Buddhism and Hinduism is similar to the relationship between Christianity and Judaism.

  33. Buddhism • Buddhism was founded by a man named Siddhartha who was born around 500 - 400 B.C. in Nepal.

  34. Buddhism

  35. Buddhism

  36. Buddhism

  37. ANIMISM • Animism is the belief that non-humans (animals, plants and inanimate objects such as the sky or a river or a mountain or even things like thunder and lightning) possess a spiritual essence • It is usually practiced by indigenous tribal people

  38. ANIMISM • Animism is found in the remote areas of the Amazon jungle, in Sub-Saharan Africa, in the sub-polar regions of the Northern Hemisphere and in the outback of Australia • See map on next slide – areas in blue indicate Animism

  39. ANIMISM

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